[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-612089-105":59,"doc-detail-612089-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","desegregation-reading-questions","Desegregation - Reading Questions","","NAACP efforts helped overturn the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson doctrine, which had upheld segregation of African American and white students under the “separate but equal” standard. Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 declared that separate facilities are inherently unequal and required public schools to end that practice. After resistance, federal action enforced desegregation in Little Rock in 1957, while Montgomery’s 1955 bus boycott advanced civil rights and voting protections through later legislation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/desegregation-reading-questions/612089/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/desegregation-reading-questions/612089.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jake","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the acronym NAACP represent?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"NAACP stands for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which 1896 Supreme Court decision declared segregation legal?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Plessy v. Ferguson declared segregation legal under the “separate but equal” doctrine.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did Brown v. Board of Education (1954) overturn and how?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Brown v. Board of Education overturned Plessy and ruled that separate facilities are inherently unequal, so “separate but equal” could no longer be used in public schools.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},612089,1792886876,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":24,"preview_page_count":4},962084928904,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Name:   Date:   Class:    \nDesegregation  \nThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) took the lead in efforts to overturn the judicial doctrine, established in the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, that segregation of AfricanAmerican and white students was constitutional if facilities were \"separate but equal.\" That decree had been used for decades to sanction rigid segregation in all aspects of Southern life, where facilities were seldom, if ever, equal.  \nAfrican Americans achieved their goal of overturning Plessy in 1954 when the Supreme Court – presided over by an Eisenhower appointee, Chief Justice Earl Warren – handed down its Brown v. Board of Education ruling. The Court declared unanimously that \"separate facilities are inherently unequal,\" and decreed that the \"separate but equal\"  \ndoctrine could no longer be used in public schools. A year later, the Supreme Court demanded that local school boards move\"with all deliberate speed\" to implement the decision.  \nEisenhower, although sympathetic to the needs of the South as it faced a major transition, nonetheless acted to see that the law was upheld in the face of massive resistance from much of the South. He faced a major crisis in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957, when Governor Orval Faubus attempted to block adesegregation plan calling for the admission of nine black students to the city's previously all-white Central High  \nSchool. After futile efforts at negotiation, the president sent federal troops to Little Rock to enforce the plan.  \nGovernor Faubus responded by ordering the Little Rock high schools closed down for the 1958-59 school year. However, a federal court ordered them reopened the following year. They did so in a tense atmosphere with a tiny number of African-American students. Thus, school desegregation proceeded at a slow and uncertain pace throughout much of the South.  \nAnother milestone in the civil rights movement occurred in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama. Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old African-American seamstress who was also secretary of the state chapter of the NAACP, sat down in the front of a bus in a section reserved by law and custom for whites. Ordered to move to the back, she refused. Police came and arrested her for violating the segregation statutes. African-American leaders, who had been waiting for just such a case, organized a boycott of the bus system.  \nMartin Luther King Jr., a young minister of the Baptist church where the African Americans met, became a spokesman for the protest. \"There comes a time,\" he said, \"when people get tired ... of being kicked about by the brutal feet of oppression.\" King was arrested, as he would be again and again; a bomb damaged the front of his house. But African Americans in Montgomery sustained the boycott. About a year later,  \nFree K-12 Worksheets and More [www.STUDENTHANDOUTS.com](www.STUDENTHANDOUTS.com)  \nName:   Date:   Class:    \nthe Supreme Court affirmed that bus segregation, like school segregation, was unconstitutional. The boycott ended. The civil rights movement had won an important victory – and discovered its most powerful, thoughtful, and eloquent leader in Martin Luther King Jr.  \nAfrican Americans also sought to secure their voting rights. Although the 15th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution guaranteed the right to vote, many states had found ways to circumvent the law. The states would impose a poll (\"head\") tax or a literacy test – typically much more stringently interpreted for African Americans – to prevent poor African Americans with little education from voting. Eisenhower, working with Senate majority leader Lyndon B. Johnson, lent his support to a congressional effort to guarantee the vote. The Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first such measure in 82 years, marked a step forward, as it authorized federal intervention in cases where African Americans were denied the chance to vote. Yet loopholes remained, and so activists pushed successfully ","cbCainMkIomi2rLM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainMkIomi2rLM","pdf",114563,"English","# Desegregation\n## NAACP and Plessy v. Ferguson\n## Brown v. Board of Education and implementation\n## Little Rock crisis (1957)\n## Rosa Parks and Montgomery bus boycott (1955)\n## Voting rights and federal legislation","[{\"question\":\"What does the acronym NAACP represent?\",\"answer\":\"NAACP stands for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\"},{\"question\":\"Which 1896 Supreme Court decision declared segregation legal?\",\"answer\":\"Plessy v. Ferguson declared segregation legal under the “separate but equal” doctrine.\"},{\"question\":\"What did Brown v. Board of Education (1954) overturn and how?\",\"answer\":\"Brown v. Board of Education overturned Plessy and ruled that separate facilities are inherently unequal, so “separate but equal” could no longer be used in public schools.\"}]","Desegregation - Reading Questions | PDF",1792382769]