[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-318451-105":59,"doc-detail-318451-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","description-of-vowels-1-vowel-articulation-basics","Description of Vowels - 1 - Vowel articulation basics","","Explains how vowel sounds are produced and described using articulatory parameters. Covers the roles of the soft palate, tongue shaping, and lip positioning for oral versus nasalized vowels, and provides a method for specifying tongue height and front-central-back placement. Introduces vowel duration and tension (tense vs lax) and mentions retroflexed vowels. Presents Professor Daniel Jones’s cardinal vowel system as reference points, then distinguishes pure vowels (monophthongs) from vowel glides (diphthongs) and outlines how to describe their movement within the same syllable.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/description-of-vowels-1-vowel-articulation-basics/318451/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/description-of-vowels-1-vowel-articulation-basics/318451.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ivy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",21,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How is a vowel described in terms of articulation?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"A vowel is described by the position of the tongue’s highest point along a horizontal axis (front, central, back) and by its height along a vertical scale (close to open), plus lip position and soft-palate raising/lowering for oral versus nasalized vowels.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What does the cardinal vowel scale provide?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It provides eight theoretical vowels as reference points devised by Professor Daniel Jones, enabling vowel sounds of any language to be described relative to tongue-position extremes. It also specifies rounding for relevant vowels.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What is the difference between a pure vowel and a vowel glide?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"A pure vowel (monophthong) keeps its quality constant, while a vowel glide (diphthong) changes quality. For diphthongs, description must include tongue and lip positions at the beginning and the direction of movement, within the same syllable.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},318451,1790461205,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":52,"preview_page_count":4},549758252649,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819","# 2     Description of Vowels\n\nAs already pointed out in Chapter 4,Yowels are voiced soundsproduced with an open approximation of the articulators,that  \n18,without any closure,or narrowing that will produce audiblefriction.The quality of a vowel depends on the ahapes of thecavities of the pharynx,the mouth and the nose,which in turndepend on the positions of the soft palate,the tongue and thelips.  \nThe soft palate is raised for oral vowele and lowered fornasalized vowelB.  \nFor the production of vowel sounds some part of the mainbody of the tongue is generally raised,8o that the upper sur-face of the tongue is convex.  To describe the tongue positionfor a vowel,therefore,it is enough to indicate the positionof the highest point of the tongue along the horizontal axiBand the vertical axis.We have to say which part of the tongueis raised and how high it is raised.For the vowel [i:]as inthe English wordbeat'[bi:t],for example,the front of thetongue is raised,but for [a:]as in the wordbath'[ba:θ],there is only a slight raising of the back of the tongue.  \nTongue positions of English[i:]and [a:]  \nFor purposes of description,we refer to three points onthe horizontal axis to indicate the position of the highestpoint of the tongue -front,cen tral and back。  「i:1 as in  \nbeat [bi:t]is an example of a front vowel,[3:]as in'bira'[b3:d]is an example of a central vowel,and [a:]asin'bath'[ba:θ]is an example of a back vowel.Along thevertical axis we use a four-point scale -close,half-close,half-open,and open.For a close vowel the tongue is broughtclose to the roof of the mouth,but the passage for the air-stream is not so narrow as to cause audible friction.  [i:]as in 'beat'is an example of a close vowel,while [a:]as inbath¹is an example of an open vowel.  \n   \n   \n   \n   \nThe lips can assume various positions for vowel sounds.They can be spread,that is,the corners are drawn back,orthey can be rounded,that is pushed forward.[i:]as in 'beat'is produced with spread lips,while [u:]as in 'boot¹is pro-duced with rounded lips.  The term unrounded can also be usedinstead of spread.  \n   \n   \n   \n   \nA three term label is used to describe vowels and indicatethe tongue and lip positions.For example [i:]as in'sheet'[ji:t]can be described as 'front close unrounded'and [u:]asin'shoot'[fu:t]as 'back close rounded'.  \nSometimes the degree of muscular tension of the tongue isalso indicated.For example,[i:]as in'beat'[bi:t]is saidto be a tense vowel and [r]as in 'bit'[brt]is said to be alax vowel.  \n   \n   \n   \nSometimes the tip of the tongue is curled back towards thehard palate to produce what are called retroflexed vowels.These are heard in the west of England nd in the U.SA。inwords such as 'car'and door.  \nVowe1s can have different dureations。The sign[:]1s usedto indicate a comparatively long vowel.  \n# The Cardinal Vowel Scale\n\nProfessor Daniel Jones devised what is called the system ofcardinal vowels,a set of eight theoretical vowels,that canbe used as points of reference so that the vowel sounds of anylanguage can be described in relation to them.The system isbased on tongue-positions,the end points representing certainextreme positions of the tongue.For example,Cardinal VowelNo.1 [i]represents a vowel for which the highest point of thetongue is as far forward as possible and as close to the hardpalate as possible without any friction being produced.Car-dinal Vowel No.5 [a]is produced with the highest point of thetongue as far back as possible and as low as possible.  Between[i]and [a]there are three intermediate points on the scale:No.2 [e],No.3 [e]and No.4 [a].The lips are unrounded forall these Cardinal Vowels(1-5).Cardinal Vowel No.8 [u]isanother extreme point on the scale;it is produced with thehighest point of the tongue as far back as possible and ashigh as possible,and the lips rounded.Between [a]and [u]there are two intermediate points:No.6 [ɔ]and No.7 [o];thelips are rounded for these vowels also.  \nCardinal Vowels;a simplifieddiagram of","cbCaitiwa4xYCstX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitiwa4xYCstX","pdf",1934820,"English","# Vowel description basics\n## Tongue height and front-central-back placement\n## Lip positions and vowel labels\n## Cardinal Vowel Scale\n## Vowel Glides (monophthongs vs diphthongs)","[{\"question\":\"How is a vowel described in terms of articulation?\",\"answer\":\"A vowel is described by the position of the tongue’s highest point along a horizontal axis (front, central, back) and by its height along a vertical scale (close to open), plus lip position and soft-palate raising/lowering for oral versus nasalized vowels.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the cardinal vowel scale provide?\",\"answer\":\"It provides eight theoretical vowels as reference points devised by Professor Daniel Jones, enabling vowel sounds of any language to be described relative to tongue-position extremes. It also specifies rounding for relevant vowels.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the difference between a pure vowel and a vowel glide?\",\"answer\":\"A pure vowel (monophthong) keeps its quality constant, while a vowel glide (diphthong) changes quality. For diphthongs, description must include tongue and lip positions at the beginning and the direction of movement, within the same syllable.\"}]","Description of Vowels - 1 - Vowel articulation basics | PDF",1789940376]