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Studies published between 2010 and 2024 were synthesized using standardized mean differences (SMDs) from a random-effects model. Korean immigrants showed higher depressive symptoms than Chinese immigrants on PHQ, while no significant difference appeared on GDS. Within-group comparisons indicated GDS yielded higher scores than PHQ for both groups, suggesting PHQ may underestimate depression. Contributors include acculturation, social support, socioeconomic status, language barriers, healthcare access, and intergenerational dynamics.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/depression-disparities-in-older-korean-and-chinese-immigrants-in-the-united-states-meta-analysis/426192/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/depression-disparities-in-older-korean-and-chinese-immigrants-in-the-united-states-meta-analysis/426192.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-14","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Which populations and age range are included in the meta-analysis?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The analysis compares Chinese and Korean immigrants aged 60 and older in the United States.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do results differ between PHQ and GDS for Korean vs. Chinese immigrants?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Korean immigrants reported higher depressive symptoms than Chinese immigrants on PHQ, but no significant difference emerged on GDS.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do within-group comparisons suggest about PHQ vs. GDS scoring?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"GDS produced higher depression scores than PHQ for both groups, suggesting PHQ may underestimate depression.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},426192,1791350586,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":81},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","1014 Innovation in Aging, 2025, Vol. 9, No. S2  \nAbstract citation ID: igaf122.3417  \nDEPRESSION DISPARITIES IN OLDER KOREAN AND  \nCHINESE IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES  \nRuimin Yang1, Jeongone Seo2, Shirley Qiu3, and Gracie Shao4, 1. Columbia University, Teachers College, New York, New York, United States, 2. Sungkyukwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 3. University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States, 4. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada  \nThis meta-analysis compares depression levels among Chinese and Korean immigrants aged 60 and older in the United States.  \nStudies published between 2010 and 2024 were synthesized using standardized mean differences (SMDs) from a random-effects model. Korean immigrants reported higher depressive symptoms than Chinese immigrants when assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) (SMD = 0.0778, SE = 0.0193, p \u003C .0001, 95% CI [0.0409, 0.1147]), but no significant difference emerged with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) (SMD = -0.0060, SE =0.0625, p=0.9233, 95% CI [-0.1284, 0.1164]). Within-group analyses indicated that GDS produced higher depression scores than PHQ for both groups. Among Chinese immigrants, PHQ scores were significantly lower than GDS scores (SMD = -0.2430, SE = 0.0411, p \u003C .0001, 95% CI [-0.3235, -0.1625]), suggesting PHQ may underestimate depression. Likewise, Korean immigrants recorded lower PHQ scores than GDS scores (SMD =-0.1601, SE = 0.0569, p = 0.0049, 95% CI [-0.2715, -0.0486]) .  \nKorean immigrants’ CES-D scores were also lower than GDS scores (SMD=-0.0998, SE=0.0417, p =0.0167, 95% CI [-0.1816,-0.0181]) . Potential contributors included acculturation, social support, socioeconomic status, language barriers, healthcare availability, and intergenerational dynamics. These findings underscore the importance of culturally tailored screening and interventions. Research should address measurement disparities, investigate longitudinal patterns, and develop targeted strategies to reduce depression among older Asian immigrants. This could inform policies and optimize mental health outcomes for this vulnerable population. Clinicians and policymakers should prioritize culturally responsive mental health screening, interventions, and policy reforms.","cbCaiqvnHSzXsJiA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqvnHSzXsJiA","pdf",47591,"English","# Overview\n## Methods and measures\n## Key findings\n## Explanatory factors\n## Implications for screening and policy","[{\"question\":\"Which populations and age range are included in the meta-analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis compares Chinese and Korean immigrants aged 60 and older in the United States.\"},{\"question\":\"How do results differ between PHQ and GDS for Korean vs. Chinese immigrants?\",\"answer\":\"Korean immigrants reported higher depressive symptoms than Chinese immigrants on PHQ, but no significant difference emerged on GDS.\"},{\"question\":\"What do within-group comparisons suggest about PHQ vs. GDS scoring?\",\"answer\":\"GDS produced higher depression scores than PHQ for both groups, suggesting PHQ may underestimate depression.\"}]","DEPRESSION DISPARITIES IN OLDER KOREAN AND CHINESE IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES - Meta-analysis | PDF",1790639681]