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Using immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue from 82 patients, TLS in intra-tumoral, invasive margin, and peritumoral regions are classified into early/primary (E-TLS) and secondary/follicular (F-TLS). E-TLS density in the invasive margin shows the strongest association with prognosis, supported by clinicopathological correlation and nomogram-based survival prediction.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/density-of-tertiary-lymphoid-structures-and-their-correlation-with-prognosis-in-non-small-cell-lung-cancer/341719/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/density-of-tertiary-lymphoid-structures-and-their-correlation-with-prognosis-in-non-small-cell-lung-cancer/341719.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Theodore","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in the context of NSCLC?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"TLS are ordered structures formed by tumor-infiltrating immune cells within the tumor immune microenvironment, including T cells and B cells, along with other immune and stromal components at the periphery.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were TLS density and maturity assessed in this study?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"TLS were measured by immunohistochemistry in 82 NSCLC patients. Tumor regions were divided into intra-tumoral, invasive margin, and peritumoral areas, and TLS were classified as early/primary (E-TLS) or secondary/follicular (F-TLS).",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which TLS feature was linked to prognosis and why could that matter?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Lower TLS density—especially E-TLS—in the invasive margin correlated with better prognosis. The authors suggest that higher E-TLS density in the invasive margin may worsen outcomes by inhibiting TLS maturation due to suppressive immune cells at the tumor invasion front.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},341719,1790116790,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},7971461740886,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 13 August 2024  \nDOI 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423775  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY Ying Ma,  \nTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, China  \nREVIEWED BY Feng Wei,  \nTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, China  \nLuis Munoz-Erazo,  \nThe University of Auckland, New Zealand  \n*CORRESPONDENCE Hui Zhao  \n [zhaohui@dmu.edu.cn](zhaohui@dmu.edu.cn)  \n†These authors have contributed equally to this work  \nRECEIVED 26 April 2024  \nACCEPTED 24 July 2024  \nPUBLISHED 13 August 2024  \nCITATION  \nXin S, Wen S, He P, Zhao Y and Zhao H (2024) Density of tertiary lymphoid structures  \nand their correlation with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.  \nFront. Immunol. 15:1423775 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423775  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2024 Xin, Wen, He, Zhao and Zhao. This isan open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nDensity of tertiary lymphoid structures and their correlation with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer  \nShuyue Xin 1†, Shuang Wen 2†, Peipei He 1†, Yulong Zhao 1 and Hui Zhao 1*  \n1 Department of Health Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical  \nUniversity, Dalian, China, 2 Department of Pathology, The Friendship Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China  \nBackground: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), ordered structure of tumorinfiltrating immune cells in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), play an important role in the development and anti-tumor immunity of various cancers, including liver, colon, and gastric cancers. Previous studies have demonstrated that the presence of TLS in intra-tumoral (IT), invasive margin (IM), and peritumoral (PT) regions of the tumors at various maturity statuses. However, the density of TLS in different regions of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been extensively studied.  \nMethods: TLS and tumor-infiltrating immune cells were assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in 82 NSCLC patients. Tumor samples were divided into three subregions as IT, IM and PT regions, and TLS were identified as early/primary TLS (E-TLS) or secondary/follicular TLS (F-TLS) . The distribution of TLS in different maturity statuses, along with their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic value, was assessed. Nomograms were used to predict the probability of 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) in patients with NSCLC.  \nResults: The density of TLS and proportion of F-TLS in the IT region (90 . 2%, 0.45/mm2, and 61 . 0%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the IM region (72 . 0%, 0 .18/mm2, and 39 . 0%, respectively) and PT region (67 . 1%, 0.16/mm2, and 40 . 2%, respectively) . A lower density of TLS, especially E-TLS in the IM region, was correlated with better prognosis in NSCLC patients. CD20+ B cells, CD3+ T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and CD68+ macrophages were significantly overexpressed in the IM region. CD20+ B cells and CD3+ T cells in the IM region were significantly correlated with the density of E-TLS, while no statistically significant correlation was found with F-TLS. The E-TLS density in the IM region and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors for NSCLC patients. Thenomogram showed good prognostic ability.  \nFrontiers in Immunology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \nConclusions: A higher density of E-TLS in the IM region was associated with a worse prognosis in NSCLC patients, potentially due to the inhibition of TLS maturation caused by the increased density of suppressive immune cells at the tumor invasion front.  \nKEYWORDS  \ntertiary lymphoid structures (T","cbCaipFHlW9WaPre","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipFHlW9WaPre","pdf",6093093,15,"English","# Background\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What are tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in the context of NSCLC?\",\"answer\":\"TLS are ordered structures formed by tumor-infiltrating immune cells within the tumor immune microenvironment, including T cells and B cells, along with other immune and stromal components at the periphery.\"},{\"question\":\"How were TLS density and maturity assessed in this study?\",\"answer\":\"TLS were measured by immunohistochemistry in 82 NSCLC patients. Tumor regions were divided into intra-tumoral, invasive margin, and peritumoral areas, and TLS were classified as early/primary (E-TLS) or secondary/follicular (F-TLS).\"},{\"question\":\"Which TLS feature was linked to prognosis and why could that matter?\",\"answer\":\"Lower TLS density—especially E-TLS—in the invasive margin correlated with better prognosis. The authors suggest that higher E-TLS density in the invasive margin may worsen outcomes by inhibiting TLS maturation due to suppressive immune cells at the tumor invasion front.\"}]","Density of tertiary lymphoid structures and their correlation with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer | PDF",1790043355,38]