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Using a broad sample of rap texts from 1991–2011 and analyzing them through poststructuralist discourse analysis and queer phenomenology, the study shows how classed discourses relate to orientation and flow, how racialization is articulated through place, and how normative ideas of gender and sexuality shape antiracist counter-discourses. The article argues for “degrees of intersectionality” rather than existing masculinities or constitutive-vs-additive frames.",{"@graph":69,"@context":114},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/degrees-of-intersectionality-male-rap-artists-in-sweden-negotiating-class-race-and-gender/137614/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/degrees-of-intersectionality-male-rap-artists-in-sweden-negotiating-class-race-and-gender/137614.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rhys","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-18","2026-08-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are the main findings regarding class, race, and gender in the lyrics?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study shows how classed discourses operate through orientation and flow, how racialization is expressed through place, and how normative notions of gender and sexuality influence antiracist discourses. It argues that gender and sexuality boundaries are policed even within anti-racist critiques.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":116,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":118,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":120,"site_id":62},137614,1787427452,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":123},{"doc_id":120,"user_id":124,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":125,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":126,"file_id":127,"file_url":128,"file_type":129,"file_size":130,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":131,"language":132,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":133,"faqs":134,"seo_title":135,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":121,"read_time":136},687207024643,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Degrees of Intersectionality: Male Rap Artists in Sweden Negotiating Class, Race  \nand Gender  \nBy Kalle Berggren  \nAbstract  \n“Intersectionality” has become a highly influential concept in gender research over the last 25 years. Debates have focused on differences and power asymmetries between women, in terms of race but also addressing class, age, sexuality, ability and nation. However, intersectional paradigms have been used to a much lesser extent in gender studies on men. This article seeks to contribute to an emerging discussion about intersectionality and masculinity by analyzing rap lyrics in Swedish songs. The data consists of a broad sample of rap lyrics by male artists 1991-2011, which is analyzed through poststructuralist discourse analysis and queer phenomenology. The analysis shows how classed discourses can be described in terms of orientation and flow, how racialization is articulated in terms of place, and the role of normative notions of gender and sexuality in antiracist discourses. It is argued that this interconnectedness – class being related to race, which in turn is profoundly gendered – is neither well captured by the prevailing notion of “masculinities” in gender studies on men, nor by the “constitution” vs.“addition” dichotomy in intersectionality debates. Instead, it is suggested that degrees of intersectionality might be a more fruitful way of theorizing intersectionality in relation to men.  \nKeywords: Intersectionality, hip hop, rap lyrics, men and masculinities, racialization, class, queer phenomenology, Sweden.  \nBerggren, Kalle: “Degrees of Intersectionality”,  \nCulture Unbound, Volume 5, 2013: 189–211. Hosted by Linköping University Electronic Press:  \n[http://www.cultureunbound.ep.liu.se](http://www.cultureunbound.ep.liu.se)  \nIntroduction: “True Mommy’s Fag Cowards”  \nhe is paid to arrest criminals  \nbut harasses poor workers who are nice […]  \nainaziz [cops] are true mommy’s fag cowards see me downtown and label me a dealer  \nall guys in the block are not criminals but if you mess with us we’ll strike back  \nhan får betalt för att gripa kriminella men trakasserar fattiga knegare som är snälla […]  \nainaziz är riktiga mammas bög bangareser mig i centrum och stämplar mig som langare  \nalla grabbar i betongen är inte kriminella men jiddrar ni med oss så kommer det attsmälla  \n(The Latin Kings,“Ainaziz”, 2000)  \nRace, gender and class have been prominent themes in Swedish hip hop since its public breakthrough in the mid-1990s. In their 2000 hit “Ainaziz”, the pioneering group The Latin Kings challenged the institutional racism of the Swedish police force a decade before it appeared in national news broadcasts, following the release of a film sequence where police officers described non-white young men as“fucking monkeys”(Stiernstedt 2009) . The lyrics critically describe how police officers come to the racialized förort (literally “suburb”, but commonly used to refer to urban spaces dominated by non-white Swedes), harassing decent but poor workers and treating them as drug dealers and criminals. Class and race intersect here, but also gender. The anti-racist counter-discourse draws on established elements of heteromasculinity: a disposition towards violence is displayed in conjunction with the abject figures of the mommy’s boy, the faggot and the coward. Ironically, the anti-racist critique of the police is thus itself policing the boundaries of gender and sexuality.  \nThis interconnectedness of class, race and gender calls for an intersectional analysis of how different categories or dimensions of power are intertwined. Yet, while intersectionality has become a central concept in gender research, its status within gender studies on men is still rather unclear. Similarly, while race and gender have been explored in hip hop studies in the USA, hip hop research in other contexts has been less concerned with issues of gender and intersectionality. In this article I try to address this gap in the ","cbCaifjdGdtCha9w","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifjdGdtCha9w","pdf",146279,23,"English","# Introduction\n## Intersectionality in hip hop studies","[{\"question\":\"What are the main findings regarding class, race, and gender in the lyrics?\",\"answer\":\"The study shows how classed discourses operate through orientation and flow, how racialization is expressed through place, and how normative notions of gender and sexuality influence antiracist discourses. It argues that gender and sexuality boundaries are policed even within anti-racist critiques.\"}]","Degrees of Intersectionality - Male Rap Artists in Sweden Negotiating Class, Race and Gender | PDF",58]