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Covers acceleration, balanced forces, braking and stopping distance, distance-time graphs and speed via gradients, plus distance as a scalar quantity. Explains momentum, changes of momentum, conservation of momentum, contact and non-contact forces, and equilibrium using resultant force and moment. Includes friction, Hooke’s law, elastic/plastic deformation and limits, Newton’s laws, moment and principle of moments, and vehicle safety features like crumple zones and seat belts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/definitions-and-concepts-for-edexcel-physics-igcse-topic-1-forces-and-motion/493304/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/definitions-and-concepts-for-edexcel-physics-igcse-topic-1-forces-and-motion/493304.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"percent12345","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-10-01",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does acceleration mean in this Physics IGCSE glossary?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity and can be calculated from the gradient of a velocity-time graph.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are momentum and conservation of momentum defined?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Momentum is mass multiplied by velocity, and conservation of momentum states that the total momentum before an event equals the total momentum after the event.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the difference between elastic and plastic deformation?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Elastic deformation is non-permanent and the object returns to its original shape when forces are removed, while plastic deformation is permanent and the original shape is not recovered.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},493304,1791319618,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31,"preview_page_count":4},1099529851338,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","# Definitions and Concepts for Edexcel Physics IGCSE\n\n## Topic 1: Forces and Motion\n\nDefinitions in bold are for higher tier onlyDefinitions marked by‘*’are for separate sciences only  \nAcceleration: The rate of change of velocity. It can be calculated from the gradient of avelocity-time graph.  \nBalanced Forces: A resultant force of zero.  \nBraking Distance: The distance a vehicle travels under the braking force. This can beaffected by adverse road and weather conditions as well as the condition of the vehicle.  \n*Changes of Momentum: When a force acts on a moving object, or on an object thathas the ability to move, a change of momentum will occur. The force is equal to therate of change of momentum.  \n*Conservation of Momentum: The total momentum of a system before an event isalways equal to the total momentum of the system after the event.  \nContact Force: A force that acts on an object through physical contact.  \n*Crumple Zone: A vehicle safety feature that compresses during a collision. Itincreases the time over which the momentum change occurs, and so reduces theforce experienced by the occupants.  \nDistance-Time Graph: A plot of how an object’s distance changes over time. The gradient ofthe graph at any point, equals the object’s speed at that point.  \nDistance: A measure of how far an object moves. It doesn’t depend on direction and istherefore a scalar quantity.  \nDistortion: The changing of an object’s size or shape as a result of a deforming force.  \nElastic Deformation: A non-permanent deformation for which the object will return to itsoriginal shape when the deforming forces are removed.  \nElastic Limit: The force beyond which an object will no longer deform elastically, and willinstead deform plastically.  \nThis work by PMT Education is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0  \nEquilibrium: An object is in equilibrium if the resultant force and resultant moment are bothequal to zero.  \nFriction: A resistive contact force that acts to oppose the relative motion between twosurfaces.  \nHooke’s Law: The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied to it, upto the limit of proportionality. The constant in this relationship is known as the springconstant.  \nHuman Reaction Time: The time it takes forthe brain to react to a stimulus. Typical humanreaction times are in the range of 0.2-0.9 seconds.  \nLimit of Proportionality: The point beyond which the extension of an elastic object is nolonger directly proportional to the force applied to it.  \nLinear Relationship: A relationship between two variables where if one variable increases,so does the other by the same factor. They produce straight lines when plotted.  \n*Moment: The turning effect of a force, equal to the product of the magnitude of theforce and the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force.  \n*Momentum: The product of an object’s mass and velocity.  \nNewton Meter: A device used to measure the magnitude of a force. Itis commonly used tomeasure an object’s weight.  \n*Newton Metre: The unit of a moment.  \nNewton: The unit of force.  \nNewton’s First Law: If a stationary object’s resultant force is zero, the object will remainstationary. If a moving object’s resultant force is zero, the object will continue to move at aconstant velocity (same speed and direction) .  \nNewton’s Second Law: An object’s acceleration is directly proportional to the resultant forceacting on it, and inversely proportional to the object’s mass.  \nNewton’s Third Law: The forces that two objects exert on eachother when they interact areequal and opposite.  \nNon-Contact Force: A force that acts on an object at a distance. There is no physicalcontact, and instead the force acts through a field.  \nPlastic Deformation: A permanent deformation for which the object will no longer return toits original shape when the deforming forces are removed.  \n*Principle of Moments: For an object in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwisemoments about any point on the","cbCaiczyrepBufQE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiczyrepBufQE","pdf",1216994,"English","# Topic 1: Forces and Motion\n## Key definitions (forces, motion, graphs, laws)\n# Topic 2: Electricity\n## Definitions (introductory section)","[{\"question\":\"What does acceleration mean in this Physics IGCSE glossary?\",\"answer\":\"Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity and can be calculated from the gradient of a velocity-time graph.\"},{\"question\":\"How are momentum and conservation of momentum defined?\",\"answer\":\"Momentum is mass multiplied by velocity, and conservation of momentum states that the total momentum before an event equals the total momentum after the event.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the difference between elastic and plastic deformation?\",\"answer\":\"Elastic deformation is non-permanent and the object returns to its original shape when forces are removed, while plastic deformation is permanent and the original shape is not recovered.\"}]","Definitions and Concepts for Edexcel Physics IGCSE - Topic 1 - Forces and Motion | PDF",1790879678]