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The authors test the hypothesis that interpersonal warmth is the behavioral mechanism underlying this self-fulfilling prophecy: expecting acceptance leads people to act warmly, increasing others’ acceptance, whereas expecting rejection leads people to act coldly, reducing acceptance. A correlational study and an experiment support the model. Study 1 identifies warm, friendly behavior as a robust mediator, and Study 2 shows that cues reducing rejection risk increase warmth and improve social outcomes for socially pessimistic participants.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/deconstructing-the-reign-of-error-interpersonal-warmth-explains-the-self-fulfilling-prophecy-of-anticipated-acceptance/639237/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/deconstructing-the-reign-of-error-interpersonal-warmth-explains-the-self-fulfilling-prophecy-of-anticipated-acceptance/639237.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Miles","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What mechanism do the authors propose for the self-fulfilling prophecy of anticipated acceptance?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"They propose that interpersonal warmth is the behavioral key. Expectations shape warmth-related behavior, which then influences others’ acceptance.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How did Study 1 test the acceptance prophecy mechanism?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Study 1 used a correlational approach and confirmed that warm and friendly behavior mediated the acceptance prophecy compared with alternative explanations.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What did Study 2 show about reducing rejection risk and social outcomes?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Study 2 demonstrated that situational cues lowering rejection risk increased socially pessimistic participants’ warmth, which improved their social outcomes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},639237,1792702561,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":36},13056703019404,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: [https://www. researchgate. net/publication/26334860](https://www. researchgate. net/publication/26334860)  \nDeconstructing the \"Reign of Error\": Interpersonal Warmth Explains the SelfFulfilling Prophecy of Anticipated Acceptance  \nArticle in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · August 2009 DOI: 10. 1177/0146167209338629 · Source: PubMed  \nCITATIONS 33  \nREADS 363  \n5 authors, including:  \nDanu Anthony Stinson  \nUniversity of Victoria  \n45 PUBLICATIONS 572 CITATIONS  \nJessica J. Cameron  \nUniversity of Manitoba  \n41 PUBLICATIONS 545 CITATIONS  \nJohn G Holmes  \nUniversity of Waterloo  \n116 PUBLICATIONS 11,697 CITATIONS  \nSEE PROFILE  \nAll content following this page was uploaded by Danu Anthony Stinson on 30 October 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.  \nPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin  \n[http://psp.sagepub.com](http://psp.sagepub.com)  \nDeconstructing the \"Reign of Error\": Interpersonal Warmth Explains the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy of  \nAnticipated Acceptance  \nDanu Anthony Stinson, Jessica J. Cameron, Joanne V. Wood, Danielle Gaucher and John G. Holmes Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2009; 35; 1165 originally published online Jul 1, 2009; DOI: 10. 1177/0146167209338629  \nThe online version of this article can be found at:  \n[http://psp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/9/1](http://psp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/9/1) 165  \nPublished by:  \n[http://www.sagepublications.com](http://www.sagepublications.com)  \nOn behalf of:  \nSociety for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.  \nAdditional services and information for Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin can be found at:  \nEmail Alerts: [http://psp.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts](http://psp.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts)  \nSubscriptions: [http://psp.sagepub.com/subscriptions](http://psp.sagepub.com/subscriptions)  \nReprints: [http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav](http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav)[ ](http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav)Permissions: [http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav](http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav)[ ](http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav)Citations [http://psp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/35/9/1](http://psp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/35/9/1) 165  \nDownloaded from [http://psp.sagepub.com](http://psp.sagepub.com at UNIV OF WATERLOO on September 8)[ at UNIV OF WATERLOO on September 8](http://psp.sagepub.com at UNIV OF WATERLOO on September 8), 2009  \nDeconstructing the “Reign of Error”: Interpersonal Warmth Explains the SelfFulfilling Prophecy of Anticipated Acceptance  \nDanu Anthony Stinson  \nUniversity of Waterloo  \nJessica J. Cameron  \nUniversity of Manitoba  \nJoanne V. Wood  \nDanielle Gaucher  \nJohn G. Holmes  \nUniversity of Waterloo  \nPeople’s expectations of acceptance often come to create the acceptance or rejection they anticipate. The authors tested the hypothesis that interpersonal warmth is the behavioral key to this acceptance prophecy: If people expect acceptance, they will behave warmly, which in turn will lead other people to accept them; if they expect rejection, they will behave coldly, which will lead to less acceptance. A correlational study and an experiment supported this model. Study 1 confirmed that participants’ warm and friendly behavior was a robust mediator of the acceptance prophecy compared to four plausible alternative explanations. Study 2 demonstrated that situational cues that reduced the risk of rejection also increased socially pessimistic participants’ warmth and thus improved their social outcomes.  \nKeywords: self-fulfilling prophecy; social expectations; acceptance; self-esteem; warmth  \nThe specious validity of the self-fulfilling prophecy creates a reign of error. For the prophet will cite the actual course of events as proof that he was right from the very beginning.  \nR. K. Merton, 1948  \nAndrew was in line at the grocery store when he noticed that the wome","cbCaio1oTUsdv8qk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio1oTUsdv8qk","pdf",308280,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Hypothesis and Model of Acceptance\n## Warmth as the Behavioral Key\n# Evidence From Studies\n## Study 1: Mediation Test\n## Study 2: Situational Cues and Outcomes\n# Implications of the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy","[{\"question\":\"What mechanism do the authors propose for the self-fulfilling prophecy of anticipated acceptance?\",\"answer\":\"They propose that interpersonal warmth is the behavioral key. Expectations shape warmth-related behavior, which then influences others’ acceptance.\"},{\"question\":\"How did Study 1 test the acceptance prophecy mechanism?\",\"answer\":\"Study 1 used a correlational approach and confirmed that warm and friendly behavior mediated the acceptance prophecy compared with alternative explanations.\"},{\"question\":\"What did Study 2 show about reducing rejection risk and social outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Study 2 demonstrated that situational cues lowering rejection risk increased socially pessimistic participants’ warmth, which improved their social outcomes.\"}]","Deconstructing the “Reign of Error” - Interpersonal Warmth Explains the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy of Anticipated Acceptance | PDF"]