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Provides definitions for key terms such as motivation and meaning, phonological awareness, phonemes, morphemes, text structures, and the relationship between comprehension and writing.",{"@graph":14,"@context":71},[15,34,54],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/decoding-reading-and-writing-the-double-helix-theory-of-teaching-handout-key-terms/661052/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":48,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":49,"interactionStatistic":50},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/decoding-reading-and-writing-the-double-helix-theory-of-teaching-handout-key-terms/661052.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Rhys","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":51,"interactionType":52,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":53},"ViewAction",{"@type":55,"mainEntity":56},"FAQPage",[57,63,67],{"name":58,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":60},"What is the core focus of the Double Helix model for literacy teaching?","Question",{"text":61,"@type":62},"The model centers children’s language(s) and their environment, including texts, and treats children’s motivation to comprehend and compose meaning as central to reading and writing development.","Answer",{"name":64,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":65},"How does the handout define phonemes and their role in reading and writing?",{"text":66,"@type":62},"Phonemes are the smallest unit of sound in a spoken word; the handout explains that phonemes are represented in written language by letters.",{"name":68,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":69},"What does the handout say about how writing connects to comprehension?",{"text":70,"@type":62},"It presents the composition of writing as part of the meaning-making processes of reading and writing, and describes comprehension as beginning with oral language and developing into reading comprehension.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":73,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":75,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":77,"site_id":7},661052,1793156747,{"code":4,"msg":80,"data":81},"success",[82,86,90,94,99,104,109,113,118,121,125],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":83,"show_sort_weight":84,"slug":85},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":87,"show_sort_weight":88,"slug":89},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":91,"show_sort_weight":92,"slug":93},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":95,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":100,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},8,30,"research-report",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":120},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":123,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":124},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":128},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":80,"data":130},{"doc_id":77,"user_id":131,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":110,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":30,"language":138,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":78,"read_time":110},687207024643,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","|  |\n| --- |\n| Decoding, Reading and Writing: The Double Helix Theory of Teaching\u003Cbr>One of the challenges of teaching in early years and primary/elementary education is how to balance the individual components that are essential for learning to read and write. Some of these components have been seen in popular models of learning , such as the Reading Rope , but these models have not been specifically designed to inform teaching.\u003Cbr>The Double Helix model, shown in this document, is a new theory of the key aspects of the teaching of reading and writing. It puts children's language(s) and their environment, including texts, at its heart. Children’s motivation to comprehend and compose meaning is central to the model.\u003Cbr>The model is underpinned by a systematic analysis of robust research and theory on effective teaching and learning (see references at end of this document) . The definitions of the key terms in the model appear in the table below.\u003Cbr>The Double Helix of Reading and Writing image has a creative commons license CC-BY-NC-LO. It can be copied and used provided the following citation accompanies the image in full:\u003Cbr>Dominic Wyse and Charlotte Hacking, The Balancing Act: An evidence informed approach to teaching phonics, reading, and writing. Routledge Publishers , 2024. |\n| |\n\nKey for the Double Helix of Reading and Writing  \nThe child and their language(s) : reading and writing originates from the human capacity for oral language.  \nThe child and their environment including texts: the child, their learning, and the home and education environment are at the heart of the model. Texts, including  \nbooks, are part of the environment that a child encounters, whether at school, at  \nhome, or in other contexts.  \nMotivation and meaning: a child has to be motivated to engage with any text. This motivation is driven by human curiosity and the drive for communicating and understanding meaning.  \nBabies first become aware of sound in general. In time this develops as understanding of spoken sounds and ultimately understanding of the concept of the phoneme.  \nBabies encounter objects in their environment. In time, implements and materials  \nthat enable the making of marks are used.  \nComprehension begins as oral language comprehension, then develops as reading comprehension.  \nThe composition of writing is part of the meaning-making processes of reading and writing.  \nText structures: aspects of text above the level of words and sentences – form,  \ngenre, titles, sections, layout, paragraphs.  \nSentences: organisation of words as the building blocks of written language, supported by punctuation.  \nPhonological awareness: awareness of the sound structures of words, such as syllables.  \nPhonemes (the smallest unit of sound in a spoken word) are represented in written language by letters.  \nKnowledge of morphemes (the smallest meaningful units of written language) is particularly useful for spelling development.  \nWhat readers have said so far  \n1. “In a world polarised by educational ideologies, 'The Balancing Act' stands as a beacon of evidencebased, inclusive pedagogy. Its emphasis on empirical research, coupled with practical examples, resonates profoundly,…This work inspires educators worldwide to embrace innovation while staying rooted in what truly matters: the joy of learning for every child.”  \n2. “This ground-breaking book is a must read for students, teachers and educators interested in a principled and evidence-based approach to the teaching and learning of reading and writing.”  \n3. “a masterful presentation of a timely resource, eloquently underscoring the importance of centring children's voices and experiences in literacy education”  \n4. “Wyse and Hacking's new book is a delight to read”  \n5. “Enhancing the authors’ case, and the scope of their argument, is an international perspective that is too often ignored or neglected. Their introduction of the Double Helix as a new model … is a substantive theoretical contr","cbCaitPUcr6NWktn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitPUcr6NWktn","pdf",2568022,"English","# Key aspects of the Double Helix model\n## The child and their language(s)\n## The child and their environment including texts\n## Motivation and meaning\n## Babies’ development toward phonemes and mark-making\n## Reading comprehension and writing as meaning-making\n## Text structures, sentences, phonological awareness, phonemes, morphemes\n# Key terms and definitions\n# What readers have said so far\n# References related to the Double Helix of Reading and Writing","[{\"question\":\"What is the core focus of the Double Helix model for literacy teaching?\",\"answer\":\"The model centers children’s language(s) and their environment, including texts, and treats children’s motivation to comprehend and compose meaning as central to reading and writing development.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the handout define phonemes and their role in reading and writing?\",\"answer\":\"Phonemes are the smallest unit of sound in a spoken word; the handout explains that phonemes are represented in written language by letters.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the handout say about how writing connects to comprehension?\",\"answer\":\"It presents the composition of writing as part of the meaning-making processes of reading and writing, and describes comprehension as beginning with oral language and developing into reading comprehension.\"}]","Decoding, Reading and Writing - The Double Helix Theory of Teaching - Handout - Key Terms | PDF"]