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Healthy individuals show relatively similar urinary microbial community composition at the phylum level, while patients with urological cancers display marked variability and diversity by cancer type. Chronic inflammatory or immunomodulatory pathways may link microbes to bladder and prostate tumorigenesis and progression. The review summarizes microbiome features in these cancers, analyzes pathophysiological mechanisms and signaling pathways, and evaluates microbial groups as diagnostic and surveillance biomarkers. Microbiome-targeted and adjunctive therapies are also discussed.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/deciphering-the-urinary-microbiome-and-urological-cancers-from-correlation-to-mechanisms-and-treatment-review/369969/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/deciphering-the-urinary-microbiome-and-urological-cancers-from-correlation-to-mechanisms-and-treatment-review/369969.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"awa","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is the urinary microbiome considered relevant to urological cancers?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Research challenges the idea of urine sterility and links urinary microbiome dysbiosis to potential cancer-promoting factors through mechanisms such as chronic inflammation and immunomodulation.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the urinary microbiome differ between healthy individuals and urological cancer patients?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Healthy individuals show relatively high similarity of urinary microbial composition at the phylum level, whereas urological cancer patients exhibit significant variability and diversity depending on cancer type.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What are the potential clinical uses of urinary microbiome findings in urological tumors?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Specific microbial groups may serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and surveillance, and microbiome-based or adjunctive treatments are presented as emerging therapeutic options.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},369969,1790517039,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},3985747858093,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 13 November 2025 DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1699308  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nRoshan Kumar,  \nMedical College of Wisconsin, United States  \nREVIEWED BY  \nZhijie Xu,  \nCentral South University, China Carmela Nardelli,  \nUniversity of Naples Federico II, Italy Jindong Xie,  \nSun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), China  \nXiaoen Wei,  \nShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nGuangzhen Wu  \n [wuguang0613@hotmail.com](wuguang0613@hotmail.com)[ ](wuguang0613@hotmail.com)Tao Huang  \n [huangtao@firsthosp-dmu.com](huangtao@firsthosp-dmu.com)[ ](huangtao@firsthosp-dmu.com)Wenfei Xu  \n [xuwenfei.2020@tsinghua.org.cn](xuwenfei.2020@tsinghua.org.cn)[ ](xuwenfei.2020@tsinghua.org.cn)RECEIVED 04 September 2025 ACCEPTED 27 October 2025 PUBLISHED 13 November 2025  \nCITATION  \nZheng Z, Xie D, Han Y, Li G, Wang S, Zhang X, Huang T, Xu W and Wu G (2025) Deciphering the urinary microbiome and urological cancers: from correlation to mechanisms and treatment.  \nFront. Microbiol. 16:1699308 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1699308  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Zheng, Xie, Han, Li, Wang, Zhang, Huang, Xu and Wu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the  \nCreative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nDeciphering the urinary microbiome and urological cancers: from correlation to mechanisms and treatment  \nZunwen Zheng 1, Deqian Xie 1, Yongzheng Han 1, Guandu Li 1, Shijin Wang 1, Xiaoman Zhang 1, Tao Huang 1*, Wenfei Xu 2* and Guangzhen Wu 1*  \n1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China, 2Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multiomics and Molecular Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, China  \nGiven that the sterility of urine and the urinary tract has been questioned by research, urinary microbiome dysbiosis has been recognized as one of the potential cancerpromoting factors. The composition of the urinary microbial community in healthy individuals has a relatively high similarity at the phylum level, with factors like age and gender influencing the expression and distribution. In contrast, the urinary microbiome of patients with urologic cancers shows significant variability and diversity depending on the type of cancer. Most of the early studies focused on the distribution, aggregation, and expression of microbiota in urologic cancers, warranting advanced studies on the causal relationship between microbes and urologic cancers. Bladder and prostate cancer tumorigenesis and progression can be influenced by microbes through chronic inflammatory or immunomodulatory pathways making them cancer models strongly associated with the urinary microbiome. Here, we summarize the expression characteristics of the microbiomes associated with these cancers and analyze the pathophysiological mechanisms and signaling pathways of the microbiome in the tumor promotion or suppression. By examining the role played by the urinary microbiome in the pathogenesis of urologic cancers, we assess the potential of specific microbial groups as biomarkers for diagnosis and surveillance. Additionally, involving the microbiome or using adjunctive participation in tumor therapy is becoming an emerging cancer treatment option. Improving urinary microbial homeostasis in urinary cancers by direct treatment with microbial products, microbial co-immunotherapy, probiotic-assisted therapy, and fecal microbial transplantation may broaden the scope of therapy and enhance the efficacy of conventional medicines.  \nKEYWORDS  \nurinary microbiome, urological cancer, microbial ecology","cbCaivujzWI83ct4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivujzWI83ct4","pdf",1291274,14,"English","# Highlights\n## Gender, age, and hormones shape urinary microbiota\n## Urinary microbiome as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis\n## Intestinal microbiome metabolites regulate urological cancers\n## Microbiome-assisted antitumor therapies\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why is the urinary microbiome considered relevant to urological cancers?\",\"answer\":\"Research challenges the idea of urine sterility and links urinary microbiome dysbiosis to potential cancer-promoting factors through mechanisms such as chronic inflammation and immunomodulation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the urinary microbiome differ between healthy individuals and urological cancer patients?\",\"answer\":\"Healthy individuals show relatively high similarity of urinary microbial composition at the phylum level, whereas urological cancer patients exhibit significant variability and diversity depending on cancer type.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the potential clinical uses of urinary microbiome findings in urological tumors?\",\"answer\":\"Specific microbial groups may serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and surveillance, and microbiome-based or adjunctive treatments are presented as emerging therapeutic options.\"}]","Deciphering the urinary microbiome and urological cancers: from correlation to mechanisms and treatment - Review | PDF",1790185874,35]