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Lists some of history’s most violent eruptions and summarizes global assistance and scientific developments referenced alongside the article.",{"@graph":14,"@context":71},[15,34,54],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/story-novel/","Story & 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caused the disaster near Armero?","Question",{"text":61,"@type":62},"A huge eruption of Nevado del Ruiz melted snow and produced water mixed with volcanic ash and mud, forming a killer mud wave that swept into the town through the Lagunilla River.","Answer",{"name":64,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":65},"How quickly was Armero affected?",{"text":66,"@type":62},"The thick ooze crushed and destroyed more than 80% of Armero’s buildings within minutes, after the wave reached the town.",{"name":68,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":69},"What makes some volcanoes explode violently?",{"text":70,"@type":62},"Their magma is unusually thick and contains more dissolved gases, which build up until the eruption occurs in a powerful, earth-shattering 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sulfur.Thenthere was a horrible rumbling that seemedto come from deep inside the earth.”  \nRosa Hinao,39,remembers thatstrange rumble with the vividness of anightmare.It began shortly after 10 onthe night of November 13.She immedi-ately felt that something horrible wasgoing to happen—soon.  \nShe went outside her small hilltophouse—only to hear people shouting foreveryone to leave—a huge wave of mudwas coming along the river toward thetown and destroying everything.Rosaquickly gathered her two children andclimbed onto the roof.  \n\"The wave rolled into town with a  \n# Thousands Buried Alive\n\nA woman,trapped in her collapsed home in the town of Armero,waits to be reecued.She was found by her pet dog.  \nmoaning sound,like some sort of mon-ster,”Rosa recalls.\"Houses started tocrack when it hit them.It seemed like theend of the world.\"  \nAs she watched,the mass of thick oozequickly crushed and destroyed over 80percent of Armero's 4,200 buildings ina matter of minutes.Thousands of peo-ple,many of whom probably didn't knowwhat hit them,were quickly smotheredby the gooey mud.  \nThe mud wave was caused by a hugevolcanic eruption of Nevado del Ruiz,avolcano about 30 miles from Armero thatlast erupted in 1845.Magma(liquid rock)boiled out of the volcano and onto itssnowcap—instantly melting the ice andproducing as much as 1 million gallonsof water.The water combined with vol-canic ash and mud to form a slimy ooze,which turned into a killer mud wave thatplunged down the mountain and into theLagunilla River at a speed of 30 milesper hour.The river became an oozing  \nRu  \nmonster,swelling over its banks and car-rying everything before it.  \nBy the time the force of the wave hadspent itself,Armero and four other townswere in ruins.More than 25,000 peoplewere dead.Thousands more were in-jured.And more than 60,000 werehomeless.The toll made the eruption ofNevado del Ruiz one of history's greatestnatural disasters.  \nClashing Plates  \nWhat caused the volcano to explodeso violently?The answer lies in thestructure of Earth.The lithosphere,oroutermost crust of Earth,is made up ofhuge blocks of matter called plates.Theseplates rest on the hoter rocks of Earth'smantle(the area above the central core)and constantly grind and push against oneanother like ill-fitting pieces of a jigsawpuzzle.This action has forced some platesunderneath others where their rocks meltContilnued on Next Page  \nContinued from Page1  \nfrom the high temperatures in the man-tle.This molten material then risesthrough weak spots in Earth's surface toform volcanoes.Nevado del Ruiz is onlyone of many volcanoes along the “Ringof Fire”—a series of volcanic peakssurrounding the Pacific Ocean.(Seemap on p.4.)  \nOnly a small number of volcanoes,however,explode violently.This is be-cause the magma of these volcanoes isunusually thick and holds more dis-solved gases than does the magma of othervolcanoes.These gases continue to buildup until the volcanoes explode in earth-shattering fashion.Such an explosivebuildup may take hundreds—even thou-sands—of years.  \nHere is a list of history's most violentvolcanic eruptions:  \n● Vesuvius,Italy,A.D.79.Ash,mud,and lava(magma that has escaped thevolcano)buried two Roman towns,Pompeii and Herculaneum,killing an es-timated 20,000 people.  \nEtna,Sicily,1669.A wall of lavacovered the entire town of Catania,kill-ing 20,000.  \n● Tambora,Indonesia,1815.A violentvolcanic explosion killed 12,000.  \n●Krakatoa,Indonesia,1883.Kraka-toa's eruption is said to have caused theloudest sound in human history.It cre-ated a giant ocean tidal wave that sweptan estimated 36,000 people to their death.  \nMount Pelée,Martinique,1902.Morethan 30,000 people died in less than threeminutes on this Caribbean island when acloud of volcanic ash and gas from MountPelee destroyed the town of St.Pierre.  \nThe World Helps  \nIt took days for news of Mount Pelee's  \n\n|  | News Fe","cbCaitLkkq3PQo72","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitLkkq3PQo72","pdf",3752639,"English","# Death Toll and Eyewitness Account\n## The Mud Wave Disaster\n## Volcanic Causes and Earth Structure\n## Explosive Eruption Conditions\n## Notable Historical Eruptions","[{\"question\":\"What caused the disaster near Armero?\",\"answer\":\"A huge eruption of Nevado del Ruiz melted snow and produced water mixed with volcanic ash and mud, forming a killer mud wave that swept into the town through the Lagunilla River.\"},{\"question\":\"How quickly was Armero affected?\",\"answer\":\"The thick ooze crushed and destroyed more than 80% of Armero’s buildings within minutes, after the wave reached the town.\"},{\"question\":\"What makes some volcanoes explode violently?\",\"answer\":\"Their magma is unusually thick and contains more dissolved gases, which build up until the eruption occurs in a powerful, earth-shattering explosion.\"}]","Death Toll From Colombian Volcano Among Worst in History - Story and Historical Overview | PDF",14]