[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-42966-en":3,"doc-seo-42966-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},42966,1649267921044,"Ava Thompson","https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1800007509477c92dfb?_k=1782875107921204101",2,"Literature","De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium Six Books","A translation-centered Octavo edition of Nicolaus Copernicus’ De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (1543) presented with contextual material and editorial guidance. The text explains the practical layout of the digital/print translation, then details three core translation challenges: pre-equation mathematical language, disagreements over technical terminology and term choices across editions, and errors or inconsistencies in the printed Latin that require reconciliation. It also frames Copernicus’ approach in the reader’s foreword, emphasizing computable hypotheses rather than guaranteed truth.","■  \nwww.octavo.com  \nNicolaus Copernicus  \nDe Revolutionibus Orbium Coælestium,LibriVINuremberg,1543  \nThe Edward Rosen translation of De Revolutionibus Orbium Celestium,LibriVI(Warsaw:Polish Scientific Publications,I978),copyright ◎Edward Rosen,I978,is used withpermission of Sandra Rosen.  \nProfessor Rosen's book includes Copernicus'original manuscript,mathematical expan-sions,notes,and emendations.This Octavo Edition uses only that part of Rosen's textreferring to the first edition of De Revolutionibus(with the exception of text clarifyingCopernicus'original meanings),references to texts of Ptolemy and Euclid,and referencesthat direct the reader to other parts of De Revolutionibus.  \nUsing this Translation  \nThe pages of this translation have two columns:the larger left column con-tains the translated text;the narrow right column contains page referencesand thumbnails of the book.Clicking on a reference(displayed in red),or theThumbnail,will open that view in the Read version of the digital book.Thistranslation file has been designed to be printed on letter-size paper.  \n# About the translation\n\nThe following note,kindly provided by Owen Gingerich,explains the dif-ficulties encountered by translators and readers of De Revolutionibus.  \nAny translator of Copernicus'De Revolutionibus faces three major challenges.  \nFirst,Copernicus lived before the equals sign was invented.All his math-ematical steps are described in words,not equations.Should the text berendered in mathematically modern but anachronistic style?Likewise,thepunctuation,sentence lengths,and paragraphing are much different frommodern styles.How literally should the translation follow the sixteenth-century conventions?  \nSecond,this is a technical treatise,and various interpreters will not agree onthe technical translation of certain critical terms.For example,near the endof Book I,Chapter Io,the cosmological climax of the book,Copernicususes a word derived from the Greek,symmetria.Professor Rosen has trans-lated it simply as \"symmetry,\"whereas others would look to the Greek rootand make it “commensurability.”In Book III,Chapter 2o,where Copernicustreats the technical details of his models,he distinguishes between epicyclusand epicyclius.Professor Rosen carefully maintains this difference between“epicycle”and\"epicyclet,\"whereas others have blurred this nuance.Finally,the word orbis appears in the title and throughout the early part of the book;Copernicus sometimes uses it in the sense of “sphere”and at other times inthe sense of \"circle.\"Which translation should be used has generated in-tense and sometimes acrimonious controversy.  \nThird,the printed book itself is not free from errors and inconsistencies.Itseems that Copernicus proofread the printed sheets as they were sent backto Poland,and those errors he found were included in a printed errata sheetissued by the printer in Nuremberg.By the time the printing was com-pleted,not all of the sheets had been corrected by Copernicus,but a handlist oflater errors was provided,presumably by Copernicu himself,and usedby an inner circle of scholars in Nuremberg and Wittenberg-errors that ofcourse remained uncorrected in the great majority of copies.Other astutereaders,such as Erasmus Reinhold,the astronomy professor in Wittenberg,caught still other errors,such as I82 in place ofr83 on page I7Iv(6 lines fromthe bottom)of the printed book.Errors such as these have been correctedin the present translation,and explaining discrepancies between the printedLatin edition and the English translation.Other discrepancies are moresubtle.For example,it seems that Copernicus'disciple Rheticus reworkedsome of the tables to bring them in line with the numbers that Copernicushad in the text as a result of revisions he made after his earlier calculation ofthe tables.The Polish scholars who created the Latin text that ProfessorRosen used for his translation believed that such changes were not the originalwork of Copernicus-they suppressed ","cbCaidU2FfxXKAGJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidU2FfxXKAGJ","pdf",8322650,3,1,379,"English","en",105,"# About the translation\n## Challenges for translators and readers\n## Printed-text discrepancies and corrections\n# Using this Translation\n## Two-column layout and references\n# To the Reader\n## Concerning the Hypotheses of this Work","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the translation’s editorial notes?\",\"answer\":\"The notes explain how and why the Rosen translation was constructed, focusing on layout, interpretive choices, and major difficulties faced by translators and readers.\"},{\"question\":\"What three major challenges are highlighted for translating Copernicus’ De Revolutionibus?\",\"answer\":\"The challenges are: Copernicus’ word-based mathematics without modern notation, technical-term translation disagreements, and errors/inconsistencies in the printed Latin text that later readers must address.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the preface define the role of hypotheses in Copernicus’ work?\",\"answer\":\"Hypotheses need not be true or even probable; the author’s duty is to develop causes or computable suppositions that allow celestial motions to be calculated correctly for both past and future.\"}]",1783375040,584,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"de-revolutionibus-orbium-coelestium-six-books","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,52,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,49],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",{"item":50,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/de-revolutionibus-orbium-coelestium-six-books/42966/",4,{"url":50,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":41,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-16","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What is the main purpose of the translation’s editorial notes?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"The notes explain how and why the Rosen translation was constructed, focusing on layout, interpretive choices, and major difficulties faced by translators and readers.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"What three major challenges are highlighted for translating Copernicus’ De Revolutionibus?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"The challenges are: Copernicus’ word-based mathematics without modern notation, technical-term translation disagreements, and errors/inconsistencies in the printed Latin text that later readers must address.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"How does the preface define the role of hypotheses in Copernicus’ work?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"Hypotheses need not be true or even probable; the author’s duty is to develop causes or computable suppositions that allow celestial motions to be calculated correctly for both past and future.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":50,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":57,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":50},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,99,103,108,113,118,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},80,"literature",{"id":51,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":104,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":109,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]