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It also compares two-tier and three-tier client-server structures and their presentation, business/data access, and data layers.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/","Technology",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/database-architecture-overview/656056/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/database-architecture-overview/656056.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Muffet","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-25",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What are the main modules in a database system architecture?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"A database system is partitioned into modules, including Disk Storage, Storage Manager, and Query Processor, each handling specific responsibilities such as managing stored data and processing queries.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What is the role of the storage manager?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The storage manager provides the interface between low-level data stored in the database and application programs and queries. It translates DML statements into low-level file system commands and manages storing, retrieving, and updating data.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How do two-tier and three-tier architectures differ?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"In two-tier architecture, communication happens directly between client and server with no intermediate. 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Disk Storage  \n􀁸 All data or information stored in disk storage  \n􀁸 Various components of disk storage  \no Data 􀃆 Data files which stores the database itself  \no Data directory  \n􀂃 It contains meta data 􀃆 data about data  \n􀂃 Schema of table is an example of meta data  \n􀂃 A database system consults the data directory before reading and modifying the actual data.  \no Indices 􀃆 It provides fast access to data items that holds particular values.  \no Statistical data 􀃆 Stores information/statistics of data stored.  \n2. Storage Manager  \n􀁸 Storage manager is a program module that provide interface between,  \no Low level data stored in database and  \no Application programs and  \no Queries submitted to system.  \n􀁸 Storage manager is responsible for the interaction with file manager.  \n􀁸 Storage manager translates DML statements into low-level file system commands.  \n􀁸 Storage manager is responsible for  \no Storing  \no Retrieving  \no Updating data in database  \nComponents of Storage manager  \na) Authorization and integrity manager  \no Checks authority of users accessing the data  \no It tests integrity and constraints of data  \nb) Transaction manager  \no It ensures that the database remains in a consistent state despite of failure.  \no Concurrent execution in maintained without any conflict.  \nc) File manager  \no It manages allocation of space on disk storage  \no Information stored on disk is represented using database.  \nd) Buffer manager  \no It is responsible for fetching data from disk storage into main memory.  \no It decides what data to cache the main memory  \n3. Query processor  \n􀁸 Query processor is an important part of the database system  \n􀁸 It helps the database system to simplify and facilitate access to data. Various components of Query processor  \na) DDL Interpreter  \no It interprets DDL statements into low level.  \no Records the definition in the data directory.  \nb) DML Compiler  \no It translates DML query statement in query language into low-level instruction.  \no Query evaluation engine understands only low level instruction.  \no Query can be translated into many number of evaluation plans which produces same result.  \no Query optimization is picking up the lowest cost evaluation plan among many alternatives. It is performed by DML compiler.  \nc) Query evaluation engine  \no Executes low level instruction generated by DML compiler. Database architecture can be of two types,  \n􀁸 Two Tier Architecture  \n􀁸 Three Tier Architecture  \nTwo Tier Architecture  \n􀁸 Usually database application is partitioned into two parts.  \n􀁸 The two-tier is based on Client Server architecture.  \n􀁸 The two-tier architecture is like client server application.  \n􀁸 The direct communication takes place between client and server.  \n􀁸 There is no intermediate between client and server.  \nThree Tier Architecture  \n􀁸 In Three tier architecture, client machine acts as front end and does not contain any direct database calls.  \n􀁸 Instead client end communicate with an application server  \n􀁸 Application server in turn communicates with a database system to access data. Three-tier architecture typically comprises a presentation tier, a business or data access tier, and a data tier. Three layers in the three tier architecture are as follows:  \n1) Client layer, 2) Business layer, 3) Data layer  \n1) Client layer:  \n􀁸 It is also called as Presentation layer which contains UI part of our application.  \n􀁸 This layer is used for the design purpose where data is presented to the user or input is taken from the user.  \n􀁸 For example designing registration form which con","cbCaibpNKLss7yzf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibpNKLss7yzf","pdf",590234,"English","# Database Architecture / System Structure\n## Disk Storage\n## Storage Manager\n## Query Processor\n## Two Tier Architecture\n## Three Tier Architecture\n## Client Layer\n## Business Layer\n## Data Layer","[{\"question\":\"What are the main modules in a database system architecture?\",\"answer\":\"A database system is partitioned into modules, including Disk Storage, Storage Manager, and Query Processor, each handling specific responsibilities such as managing stored data and processing queries.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the role of the storage manager?\",\"answer\":\"The storage manager provides the interface between low-level data stored in the database and application programs and queries. It translates DML statements into low-level file system commands and manages storing, retrieving, and updating data.\"},{\"question\":\"How do two-tier and three-tier architectures differ?\",\"answer\":\"In two-tier architecture, communication happens directly between client and server with no intermediate. In three-tier architecture, the client acts as a front end and communicates with an application server, which then connects to the database system, separating presentation, business/data access, and data layers.\"}]","Database Architecture - Overview | PDF",1792965956,13]