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In order for this generalization to be valid, the sample needs to be both random and representative.  \nWhen taking samples, scientists will often divide a population into two groups:  \n• Test group: a group that receives an experimental treatment  \n• Control group: a group that does not receive an experimental treatment  \nScientific Formulas  \nOne or more scientific formulas could accompany a passage or set of experiments.  \nYou don’t have to memorize any science formulas, but you might have to add, subtract, multiply, or divide. You are allowed to use a calculator.  \nTo solve questions involving formulas:  \n• Identify what each variable in the formula represents  \n• Locate relevant information in text, tables, or graphs  \n• You may need to combine information from more than one experiment, table, or graph  \nScientific Symbols  \nScience passages may use symbols to represent scientific processes and ideas. Some common symbols are:  \n\n| Symbol | Meaning |\n| --- | --- |\n| + | The positive symbol separates two or more reactants or products from one another. |\n| 􀁯 | The yield symbol separates reactants from products and shows the reaction direction. |\n| | The reversible reaction symbol indicates that the reaction can proceed in both directions. |\n\nreactants  \nC􀀎 O2 􀁯 CO2 yields   \nproduct  \ncombined with  \nA reactant is a substance that changes in a chemical reaction. A product is what’s formed as a result of a chemical reaction.  \nVisual and Numeric Data  \nResults of experiments are often displayed in charts, tables, or graphs.  \nWhen you encounter data visualizations, avoid overanalyzing jargon or other technical  \ninformation.  \nSpend a few moments making sense of the information when you encounter any new chart, table, or graph. Ask yourself:  \n• What is given from the labels, legend, and units of measurement?  \n• What are independent and dependent variables?  \n• What are the relationships or trends in the data?  \nMixed Practice  \n1. Which statement correctly describes the process depicted in the graphic?  \nA. As moist, flowing air encounters rising elevations, it cools, which causes condensation, a stage that precedes precipitation and cloud development.  \nB. Once above the tree line, flowing air is likely to slow down and stop moving, and then collect in the form of snow.  \nC. Clouds dissipate before encountering mountain peaks.  \nD. Moist air flows from the west, while drier air  \nusually flows from the east.  \nMixed Practice  \n2. The general chemical equation for cellular respiration is shown below.  \nC6 H 12 O6 + 6O2 6H2 O + 6CO2 + energy  \nWhich statement describes the process in the equation?  \nA. Glucose and oxygen combine to produce energy.  \nB. Glucose and oxygen combine to produce water and carbon dioxide.  \nC. Glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to release energy.  \nD. Glucose is broken down into water and carbon dioxide to store energy.  \nMixed Practice  \n3. Luke is conducting a survey to determine how effective his high school’s ban on vending machines has been in reducing the amount of junk food students eat. The survey asks students how much junk food they used to eat and how much they eat now. Luke sends the survey to the members of his soccer team, many of whom used ","cbCaikinRx0vdSiJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikinRx0vdSiJ","pdf",1081821,52,"English","# Learning Objectives\n## Samples & Populations\n## Scientific Formulas\n## Scientific Symbols\n## Visual and Numeric Data\n## Mixed Practice\n## Trends in the Data","[{\"question\":\"What types of trends might appear in data?\",\"answer\":\"Common patterns include increasing (direct), decreasing (indirect), U-shaped trends, and cases showing no clear relationship between the variables of interest.\"}]","Data Analysis in Science - Learning Objectives & Practice | PDF",131]