[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-149141-105":59,"doc-detail-149141-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","dairy-goats-concentrate-supplementation-levels-and-effects-on-feed-intake-digestibility-and-milk-production","Dairy goats - Concentrate supplementation levels and effects on feed intake, digestibility, and milk production","","Kenyan dairy goat production relies heavily on Napier grass and crop residues that are low in nutrients, making energy and protein supplementation necessary to enhance milk yield. A concentrate representing dairy meal with 160 g/kg DM crude protein and 10 MJ/kg DM metabolizable energy was formulated and fed to lactating Toggenburg goats on Napier grass at 0, 150, 300, and 450 g/goat/day in a 4×4 Latin square design. Basal and total dry matter intake increased with supplementation, while milk production and diet digestibility improved, with 300 g/goat/day producing the highest daily milk output.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/dairy-goats-concentrate-supplementation-levels-and-effects-on-feed-intake-digestibility-and-milk-production/149141/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/dairy-goats-concentrate-supplementation-levels-and-effects-on-feed-intake-digestibility-and-milk-production/149141.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Chloe Bennett","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-08-27",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is supplementation needed for dairy goats fed Napier grass and crop residues in Kenya?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"These basal feeds are low in nutrients, so providing energy and protein supplementation is necessary to enhance milk production.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were the concentrate supplementation levels designed in the study?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"A concentrate representing dairy meal (160 g/kg DM crude protein and 10 MJ/kg DM metabolizable energy) was offered at 0, 150, 300, and 450 g/goat/day in a 4×4 Latin square design.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which supplementation level produced the highest daily milk production?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Feeding 300 g/goat/day resulted in the highest daily milk production in the study's conclusion.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},149141,1787794426,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962084925782,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","KALRO: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7376-](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7376-)[ ](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7376-)9019  \nEgerton University-Njoro Campus: Egerton University  \nEgerton University-Njoro Campus: Egerton University  \nEgerton University-Njoro Campus: Egerton University  \nDairy goats, Napier grass, Concentrate supplementation, Feed intake, Milk yield  August 20th, 2024  \n [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4628567/v1](https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4628567/v1)  \n 􀁱 􀅏 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  \nRead Full License  \nDairy goats are an important source of nutritious milk. The main basal feeds for dairy goats in Kenya are Napier grass and crop residues that are low in nutrients, and therefore they need energy and protein supplementation to enhance milk production. Dairy meal is the main protein and energy supplement for dairy animals. Relevant information on the appropriate amount of dairy meal to supplement the basal diet to feed dairy goats, the daily total dry matter intake and milk production upon supplementation is scarce in Kenya. Therefore, a concentrate with a crude protein content of 160 gkg-1 DM and metabolizable energy content of 10 MJkg-1 DM was constituted to represent the dairy meal, and fed to lactating Toggenburg dairy goats on Napier grass basal diet, at supplementation levels of 0, 150, 300 and 450 g/goat day-1 in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The basal and total dry matter intake by the goats were 0.86-0.99 and 0.99-1.31 kg DM/goat day-1, respectively, with a milk production of 306.8-476.9 mL/goat day-1 . The dry matter and organic matter digestibility of the diets were 767-786 and 792-804 gkg-1 DM, respectively. It was concluded that farmers feed the energy and protein concentrate at 300 g/goat day-1, as it resulted in the highest daily milk production.  \nGlobally and in Kenya, dairy goats contribute signi«cantly to the livelihood of many smallholder farmers in form of food and «nancial security, through provision of high quality milk for consumption, sale and for alleviating various disorders for all categories of humans, in addition to meat from culled stock. The demand for goat milk in the world is on the increase (Haenlein 2004); as a major protein source for the poor, and due to its unique nutritional and health bene«ts (Haenlein 2001; Greppi et al. 2008) . Dairy goats are also an alternative to cattle where human population pressure and land fragmentation have decreased the feed resource base (Mbindyo et al. 2018) . The most abundant feeds for ruminants in the tropics, including goats, are the high «bre and low protein forages and crop residues (Preston 1995) . These forages are characterized by low digestibility, and low contents of metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), and minerals (Leng et al. 2020) . Therefore, animal nutrition is the main constraint to productivity of ruminants in tropical regions (Preston 1995; Leng et al. 2020) . The low quantity and quality of feeds which signify inadequate nutrition in the tropics (Tolemariam et al. 2009) leads to poor growth rates and low milk production, and increase in susceptibility to diseases and parasites (Tolemariam et al. 2009; Tolera et al. 2020) .  \nIn East Africa, de«ciency of protein and energy are the main nutritional factors limiting productivity of goats (Tolera et al. 2020) . Constraints to dairy goat production in Kenya are related to feeding, breeding, health and marketing (Kahi and Wasike 2019) . Alleviating nutritional constraints in goats requires effective utilization of locally available feed resources and appropriate supplementation of the available low protein and high «bre feeds (Tolera et al. 2020) . Supplementation with energy and protein is recommended for improving ruminant production (Chatterjee and Walli 2003; Walli 2005), as concentrates improve the e ciency of feed utilization and milk production","cbCaicxf0RnKr3l2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicxf0RnKr3l2","pdf",743554,"English","# Background and rationale\n## Nutrition constraints in Kenya and East Africa\n# Study design and treatment formulation\n## Diet composition and supplementation levels\n## Experimental layout (4×4 Latin square)\n# Outcomes and interpretation\n## Feed intake and milk production\n## Digestibility and concluding recommendation","[{\"question\":\"Why is supplementation needed for dairy goats fed Napier grass and crop residues in Kenya?\",\"answer\":\"These basal feeds are low in nutrients, so providing energy and protein supplementation is necessary to enhance milk production.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the concentrate supplementation levels designed in the study?\",\"answer\":\"A concentrate representing dairy meal (160 g/kg DM crude protein and 10 MJ/kg DM metabolizable energy) was offered at 0, 150, 300, and 450 g/goat/day in a 4×4 Latin square design.\"},{\"question\":\"Which supplementation level produced the highest daily milk production?\",\"answer\":\"Feeding 300 g/goat/day resulted in the highest daily milk production in the study's conclusion.\"}]","Dairy goats - Concentrate supplementation levels and effects on feed intake, digestibility, and milk production | PDF",48]