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Transcriptome analyses of FU-iCCA and iCCA-27 cohorts, plus public databases, identified CSTB as linked to iCCA prognosis. CSTB levels were assessed in patient tumor and adjacent tissues by Western blot and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. Functional studies using CSTB overexpression or knockdown in iCCA cells were performed in vitro and in vivo. Elevated CSTB correlated with worse outcomes and promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion. CSTB depletion reduced tumor size and growth in nude mouse models, supporting CSTB as a potential iCCA biomarker.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cystatin-b-promotes-the-proliferation-migration-and-invasion-of-intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/373032/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cystatin-b-promotes-the-proliferation-migration-and-invasion-of-intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/373032.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Noah","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the study’s main goal regarding CSTB in iCCA?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To determine the function of CSTB in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and clarify whether it influences tumor progression and patient prognosis.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was CSTB expression evaluated in patient samples?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"CSTB expression was compared between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues using Western blot, and its clinical significance was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining on a tissue microarray.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did functional experiments show about CSTB in iCCA cells?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Overexpression or knockdown experiments showed CSTB contributes to iCCA cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, with CSTB knockdown producing smaller tumors and slower growth in nude mouse models.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},373032,1790752807,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},8796095462418,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780","Article  \nCystatin B Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma  \nDai Zhang 1,2,†, Bao-Ye Sun 3,†, Jing-Fang Wu 2, Zhu-Tao Wang 1,4, Su-Su Zheng 2, Guo-Qiang Sun 1,4, Xu-Kang Gao 1,4, Jian Zhou 4, Jia Fan 4, Bo Hu 4,*, Shuang-Jian Qiu 4,* and Bo-Heng Zhang 2,5, *  \nReceived: 21 November 2024  \nRevised: 10 January 2025  \nAccepted: 17 January 2025  \nPublished: 21 January 2025  \nCitation: Zhang, D.; Sun, B.-Y.; Wu, J.-F.; Wang, Z.-T.; Zheng, S.-S.; Sun, G.-Q.; Gao, X.-K.; Zhou, J.; Fan, J.; Hu, B.; et al. Cystatin B Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32, 56. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/curroncol32020056](10.3390/curroncol32020056)  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepatic Oncology, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; [22111210175@m.fudan.edu.cn](22111210175@m.fudan.edu.cn) (D.Z.); [22111210094@m.fudan.edu.cn](22111210094@m.fudan.edu.cn) (Z.-T.W.); [23111210099@m.fudan.edu.cn](23111210099@m.fudan.edu.cn) (G.-Q.S.); [23211210050@m.fudan.edu.cn](23211210050@m.fudan.edu.cn) (X.-K.G.)  \n2 Department of Hepatic Oncology, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen 361015, China; [wu.jingfang@zsxmhospital.com](wu.jingfang@zsxmhospital.com) (J.-F.W.); [zheng.susu@zsxmhospital.com](zheng.susu@zsxmhospital.com) (S.-S.Z.)  \n3 Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; [228101038@csu.edu.cn](228101038@csu.edu.cn)  \n4 Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; [zhou.jian@zs-hospital.sh.cn](zhou.jian@zs-hospital.sh.cn) (J.Z.); [fan.jia@zs-hospital.sh.cn](fan.jia@zs-hospital.sh.cn) (J.F.)  \n5 Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China  \n* [Correspondence: hu.bo@zs-hospital.sh.cn](Correspondence: hu.bo@zs-hospital.sh.cn) (B.H.); [qiu.shuangjian@zs-hospital.sh.cn](qiu.shuangjian@zs-hospital.sh.cn) (S.-J.Q.); [zhang.boheng@zs-hospital.sh.cn](zhang.boheng@zs-hospital.sh.cn) (B.-H.Z.)  \n† These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract: Background and Aims: Cystatin B (CSTB) has been demonstrated to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including the evolution and progression of multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the function of CSTB in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is yet to be fully elucidated. Methods: By analyzing transcriptome sequencing data from the FU-iCCA cohort, the iCCA-27 cohort, and three public databases, we identified genes associated with iCCA prognosis and selected CSTB as the subject of our study. The expression of CSTB was examined between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues obtained from iCCA patients via Western blot analysis. The clinical significance of CSTB was analyzed through immunohistochemical staining of a tissue microarray. Subsequently, the biological effects of CSTB overexpression or knockdown on iCCA cells were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results: CSTB expression was markedly elevated in the CCA pathological tissues in comparison to the corresponding adjacent normal tissues. A correlation was identified between higher CSTB expression and poorer patient prognosis in the analysis of 176 iCCA patients. It is noteworthy that overexpression or knockdown experiments demonstrated that CSTB plays","cbCaie8u93nR5ha3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaie8u93nR5ha3","pdf",5051262,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Background on iCCA and prognosis\n## CSTB and cysteine protease biology\n## Study rationale","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s main goal regarding CSTB in iCCA?\",\"answer\":\"To determine the function of CSTB in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and clarify whether it influences tumor progression and patient prognosis.\"},{\"question\":\"How was CSTB expression evaluated in patient samples?\",\"answer\":\"CSTB expression was compared between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues using Western blot, and its clinical significance was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining on a tissue microarray.\"},{\"question\":\"What did functional experiments show about CSTB in iCCA cells?\",\"answer\":\"Overexpression or knockdown experiments showed CSTB contributes to iCCA cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, with CSTB knockdown producing smaller tumors and slower growth in nude mouse models.\"}]","Cystatin B Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma | PDF",1790196399,35]