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Summarizes bullying research roots in Scandinavia and presents Olweus’s definition and outcomes for bullies and victims, then develops cyberbullying definitions, forms, and prevention and policy implications for school districts.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cyberbullying-victimization-through-electronic-means-literature-review/599721/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cyberbullying-victimization-through-electronic-means-literature-review/599721.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"PakDamar76","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",5,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why is cyberbullying considered a significant problem for schools?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Cyberbullying is described as a 21st-century phenomenon with significant magnitude in schools and is rapidly increasing among adolescents in a wired culture. It often occurs outside school and can disrupt victims’ education and feeling safe at school.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What does Olweus mean by bullying or victimization?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"A person is bullied when exposed repeatedly over time to negative actions from one or more others and has difficulty defending himself or herself. The text also links bullying with emotional and behavioral harms for victims and power-seeking behavior for bullies.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What are common forms of cyberbullying discussed in the review?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The review lists harassment, denigration, flaming, outing and trickery, impersonation, and exclusion. 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D.  \nUniversity of South Alabama  \nCyberbullying is a 21st Century phenomenon that represents a problem of significant magnitude in schools across the country. It is most prevalent in middle schools and is rapidly increasing among adolescents who exist in a “wired” culture. Schools have not been equipped with appropriate ways to deal with this new form of aggression which often takes place outside of school, yet it can disrupt the victim’s education and feeling safe at school. School districts are now being challenged to develop policies to address this issue as it has been noted that it can cause psychological damage that has been equated to violence on school groundsand has been reported as the cause of teen suicide. This review of literature will describe various forms of cyberbullying, a portrayal of victims and offenders, prevention programs, and policy implications for school districts.  \nIn the late 1960s problems with school yard bullying became a significant issue among teachers, parents, and the mass media in Scandinavian countries. In 1982, it was reported in a Norway news publication that three young adolescents committed suicide, which was believed to be the result of severe bullying (Olweus, 1993) . Dan Olweus, who was born in Sweden, has been recognized as the Founding Father of research on bully/victim problems and has spent nearly 30 years researching this topic. His 1970 research project is “regarded as the first scientific study of bully/victim problems in the world,” (Clemson University, 2003, ¶ 2) and he is the creator of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP) . The definition of bullying or victimization supplied by Olweus is “A person is bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself” (1993, p. 7) . Students who bully desire power over another and take pleasure in causing others to suffer; while students who are bullied may experience depression, low self-esteem, health problems, poor grades, and suicidal thoughts. Additionally, bullies are more likely than non-bullies to get into frequent fights, steal and vandalize property, drink alcohol and smoke, report bad grades, perceive a negative climate at school, and carry a weapon (OBPP, ¶ 4) .  \nToday‟s young adolescents are often referred to as being“wired” as they appear to be constantly connected to a computer, cell phone, iPad®, gaming device, and other various technologies. This generation, often referred to as the Internet Generation, has spent their entire lives with the World Wide Web. Whereas bullying is not a new phenomenon, cyberbullying has become the newest form of bullying. Cyberbullies reach their victims through emails, text messaging, cell phones, chat rooms, camera phones, web sites, blogs, interactive gaming, or other electronic means (Brown, Jackson, & Cassidy, 2006; STOP cyberbullying, 2011) . Several researchers (Beasley, 2004; Berson, Berson, & Ferron,  \n2002; Finkelhor, Mitchell, & Wolak, 2000, 2001; Patchin, & Hinduja, 2006; Trolley, Hanel, & Shields, 2006; Willard, 2005; Ybarra, & Mitchell, 2004a, 2004b) (as cited in Mason, 2008) have offered descriptions to define cyberbullying “as an individual or a group willfully using information and communication involving electronic technologies to facilitate deliberate and repeated harassment or threat to another individual or group by sending or posting cruel text and/or graphics using technological means”(¶ 2) . Willard (2010) offered a more current definition by defining cyberbullying as “the use of electronic communication technologies to intentionally engage in repeated or widely disseminated acts of cruelty towards another that results in emotional harm” (¶ 1) .  \nCombined, the Olweus Bullying Prevention Pr","cbCaiiekLn9Lz6Uo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiekLn9Lz6Uo","pdf",263956,"English","# Introduction\n## Cyberbullying as a school problem\n# Background on bullying research\n## Olweus definition and impacts\n# Definitions and the “wired” generation\n## Internet-connected adolescent context\n# Forms of cyberbullying\n## Harassment, denigration, flaming, and more\n# Prevention and policy implications\n## Programs and school district response","[{\"question\":\"Why is cyberbullying considered a significant problem for schools?\",\"answer\":\"Cyberbullying is described as a 21st-century phenomenon with significant magnitude in schools and is rapidly increasing among adolescents in a wired culture. It often occurs outside school and can disrupt victims’ education and feeling safe at school.\"},{\"question\":\"What does Olweus mean by bullying or victimization?\",\"answer\":\"A person is bullied when exposed repeatedly over time to negative actions from one or more others and has difficulty defending himself or herself. The text also links bullying with emotional and behavioral harms for victims and power-seeking behavior for bullies.\"},{\"question\":\"What are common forms of cyberbullying discussed in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review lists harassment, denigration, flaming, outing and trickery, impersonation, and exclusion. It explains how each form uses electronic technologies to enable repeated or cruel acts or harm.\"}]","Cyberbullying: Victimization Through Electronic Means - literature review | PDF",1792089309,18]