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This study isolated specific cyanoglycosides from the seeds and tested their renoprotective activity against high-glucose-induced diabetic nephropathy in hBZY-1 mesangial cells. The compounds’ effects were assessed on oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial function, PFKFB3 expression, and the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Results showed two novel cyanoglycosides and three known compounds significantly improving renal injury markers while suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, protecting mitochondria, modulating PFKFB3, and inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad-mediated metabolic dysregulation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cyanoglycosides-isolated-from-moringa-oleifera-seeds-inhibited-pfkfb3tgf-1smads-pathway-to-alleviate-diabetic-nephropathy-through-driving-metabolic-reprogramming/455989/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cyanoglycosides-isolated-from-moringa-oleifera-seeds-inhibited-pfkfb3tgf-1smads-pathway-to-alleviate-diabetic-nephropathy-through-driving-metabolic-reprogramming/455989.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Melati","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",16,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What compounds were isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds in this study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Four cyanoglycosides and one cyanoaglycone were isolated. Two cyanoglycosides were previously undescribed, while three were known compounds.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were the renoprotective effects evaluated?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Renoprotective effects were assessed using an in vitro model of high-glucose-induced diabetic nephropathy in hBZY-1 mesangial cells.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which mechanisms were investigated to explain the benefits?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Mechanistic studies examined oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial function, glycolysis-related PFKFB3 expression, and inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},455989,1790982880,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},962085570644,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Pharmaceutical Biology 2026, Vol. 64, No. 1, 130–142  \n[https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2025.2607563](https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2025.2607563)  \nReseaRch aRticle  \nCyanoglycosides isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds inhibited PFKFB3/TGF-β1/smads pathway to alleviate diabetic nephropathy through driving metabolic reprogramming  \nchengyu Gea,b\\#, Zhihua shic\\#, Jia hea,b, Xu Fenga,b, Kaiqi shanga,b, Xiaolin liaoc, Yufeng liud, Yueping Jianga,b,c,e and shao liua,b  \naDepartment of Pharmacy, Xiangya hospital, central South university, changsha, hunan, china; bNational clinical research center for geriatric Disorders, Xiangya hospital, central South university, changsha, hunan, china; cDepartment of clinical Pharmacy, hunan university of medicine general hospital, huaihua, hunan, china; dcollege of Pharmacy, Jining medical university, rizhao, Shandong, china; ehunan Provincial Key laboratory of the research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations,“the 14th Five-year Plan” application characteristic Discipline of hunan Province (Pharmaceutical Science), college of Pharmacy, changsha medical university, changsha, hunan, china  \nABSTRACT  \nContext: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes. Moringaoleifera seeds are recognized as a source of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits, prompting investigation into their specific components and effects on DN. Objective: this study aimed to isolate bioactive compounds from M. oleifera seeds and evaluate their renoprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of action against high-glucose-induced diabetic nephropathy.  \nMaterials and methods: Four cyanoglycosides and one cyanoaglycone were isolated from M. oleifera seeds using chromatographic techniques. the renoprotective effects of these compounds were then evaluated using an in vitro model of high-glucose-induced diabetic nephropathy in hBZY-1 mesangial cells. Mechanistic studies further investigated the compounds’ effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial function, expression of the glycolysis-related protein PFKFB3, and the tGF-β1/smad signaling pathway.  \nResults: two previously undescribed cyanoglycosides were isolated alongside three known compounds. all five compounds demonstrated significant renoprotective effects in the high-glucose-induced hBZY-1 cell model. Mechanistically, these effects were achieved by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, protecting mitochondrial function, modulating the expression of the glycolysis-related protein PFKFB3, and inhibiting the tGF-β1/smad signaling pathway, collectively contributing to beneficial metabolic reprogramming.  \nConclusions: this study isolated two novel cyanoglycosides from M. oleifera seeds. these compounds, alongside known ones, protect against high-glucose-induced renal injury. their renoprotection involves metabolic reprogramming via suppressing oxidative stress/inflammation, preserving mitochondrial function, modulating PFKFB3, and inhibiting tGF-β1/smad signaling. these findings offer insights for utilizing M. oleifera seeds and suggest these cyanoglycosides as potential diabetic nephropathy therapeutics.  \nIntroduction  \nARTICLE HISTORY  \nreceived 7 September 2025  \nrevised 24 November 2025 accepted 16 December 2025  \nKEYWORDS  \nMoringa oleifera seeds; cyanoglycosides; structure elucidation; diabetic nephropathy; metabolic reprogramming  \nDiabetic nephropathy (DN), a serious complication of diabetes (Zhang et al. 2024), is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide (Patidar et al. 2024) . Its defining pathological feature is chronic kidney injury resulting from disrupted glucose metabolism (Chen et al. 2024) . DN progression manifests as proteinuria, which ultimately leads to renal interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. Current first-line therapies predominantly target the renin-angiotensin system through  \nCONTACT yueping Jiang  [jiangyueping@csu.edu.cn](jiangyueping@csu.edu.cn)  N","cbCaienQ8WfSYNHm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaienQ8WfSYNHm","pdf",1585241,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Article history\n# Keywords","[{\"question\":\"What compounds were isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Four cyanoglycosides and one cyanoaglycone were isolated. Two cyanoglycosides were previously undescribed, while three were known compounds.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the renoprotective effects evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"Renoprotective effects were assessed using an in vitro model of high-glucose-induced diabetic nephropathy in hBZY-1 mesangial cells.\"},{\"question\":\"Which mechanisms were investigated to explain the benefits?\",\"answer\":\"Mechanistic studies examined oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial function, glycolysis-related PFKFB3 expression, and inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.\"}]","Cyanoglycosides isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds inhibited PFKFB3/TGF-β1/smads pathway to alleviate diabetic nephropathy through driving metabolic reprogramming | PDF",1790744864,33]