[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-462253-105":59,"doc-detail-462253-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","cyanobacteria-derived-extracellular-vesicles-a-novel-frontier-in-drug-delivery-and-therapeutics","Cyanobacteria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles - A Novel Frontier in Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","","Cyanobacteria offer a distinctive approach to drug delivery through their extracellular vesicles (EVs), often described as exosomelike yet distinct in biogenesis. These naturally occurring, biocompatible vesicles may serve as targeted nanocarriers due to their stability and capacity to encapsulate diverse bioactive compounds. Their therapeutic potential spans cancer therapy, antimicrobial treatment, neuroprotection, and immune modulation, supported by discussions of EV biogenesis and structure. The review further compares cyanobacterial EVs with polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes while addressing key isolation and characterization challenges at scale.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cyanobacteria-derived-extracellular-vesicles-a-novel-frontier-in-drug-delivery-and-therapeutics/462253/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cyanobacteria-derived-extracellular-vesicles-a-novel-frontier-in-drug-delivery-and-therapeutics/462253.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Connor ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How do cyanobacteria-derived extracellular vesicles support drug delivery?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"They can act as targeted nanocarriers because of their biocompatibility, stability, and ability to encapsulate bioactive compounds for delivery to specific biological targets.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What therapeutic areas does the review highlight for cyanobacterial EVs?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review emphasizes potential roles in cancer treatment, antimicrobial therapies, neuroprotection, and immune modulation.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What are the main challenges discussed for using cyanobacterial EVs?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The document notes difficulties in isolating and characterizing cyanobacterial EVs at scale and highlights the need for advances in synthetic biology and genetic engineering to optimize therapeutic performance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},462253,1790815416,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},687207022233,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Review  \nCyanobacteria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Frontier in Drug Delivery and Therapeutics  \nKhalid A. Asseri 1, Krishnaraju Venkatesan 1, *, Yahya I. Asiri 1, Saud Alqahtani 1, Taha Alqahtani 1, Pooja Muralidharan 2, Shaimaa Elsayed Ramadan Genena 3, Durgaramani Sivadasan 4, Premalatha Paulsamy 5 and Kumarappan Chidambaram 6  \nAcademic Editor: Biswajita Pradhan  \nReceived: 20 November 2025  \nRevised: 14 December 2025  \nAccepted: 17 December 2025  \nPublished: 19 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia  \n2 Undergraduate Program, PSG College of Pharmacy, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641004, India  \n3 Clinical Biochemistry Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 41477, Saudi Arabia  \n4 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia  \n5 College of Nursing, Mahalah Branch for Girls, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushayt 61421, Saudi Arabia  \n6 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia  \n* Correspondence: [kvenkatesan@kku.edu.sa](kvenkatesan@kku.edu.sa)  \nAbstract  \nCyanobacteria, known for their diverse and potent bioactive compounds, present a unique method for drug delivery via their extracellular vesicles (EVs), often described as exosomelike due to size and function but distinct in biogenesis. These naturally occurring vesicles, particularly those from cyanobacteria, are gaining attention as potential carriers for targeted drug delivery because of their biocompatibility, stability, and ability to encapsulate various bioactive compounds. However, cyanobacterial EVs remain underexplored as a dedicated nanocarrier platform, and their specific advantages and limitations relative to existing systems have not been systematically synthesized. This review explores the potential therapeutic uses of cyanobacterial EVs, emphasizing their roles in cancer treatment, antimicrobial therapies, neuroprotection, and immune modulation. We explore their biogenesis and structural features, comparing them to synthetic nanocarriers like polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes. The review also addresses the challenges of isolating and characterizing cyanobacterial EVs at scale and highlights the need for advancements in synthetic biology and genetic engineering to optimize their therapeutic potential. Despite these challenges, cyanobacterial EVs’ unique properties offer significant promise for advancing drug delivery systems and providing innovative solutions for treating complex diseases.  \nKeywords: cyanobacterial EVs; drug delivery systems; bioactive compounds; targeted therapeutics; nanocarriers  \n1. Introduction  \nCyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, are among the most ancient organisms on Earth, with a history spanning over 2.5 billion years. These photosynthetic bacteria have played a critical role in shaping Earth’s atmosphere, particularly by contributing to the production of oxygen. Due to their unique metabolic capabilities, cyanobacteria have emerged as valuable candidates in various biotechnological applications [1] . A key example is Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, the first photosynthetic organism to have its genome fully sequenced, which has served as a model for genetic and metabolic studies. Such advancements have opened doors for engineering cyanobacteria to produce biofuels, such as ethanol and hydrogen,  \nproviding sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Furthermore, modifications to the CalvinBenson-Bassham (CBB) cycle have demonstrated an enhancement in ethanol production in these organisms [2,3] . Beyond energy production, cyanobacteria are being explored for their ability to synthesize bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties","cbCaikhKznd2CNc6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikhKznd2CNc6","pdf",1311164,27,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n## Cyanobacteria: ancient organisms and biotechnological value\n## Extracellular vesicles and exosome-like vesicles\n## Natural-product drug delivery systems","[{\"question\":\"How do cyanobacteria-derived extracellular vesicles support drug delivery?\",\"answer\":\"They can act as targeted nanocarriers because of their biocompatibility, stability, and ability to encapsulate bioactive compounds for delivery to specific biological targets.\"},{\"question\":\"What therapeutic areas does the review highlight for cyanobacterial EVs?\",\"answer\":\"The review emphasizes potential roles in cancer treatment, antimicrobial therapies, neuroprotection, and immune modulation.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main challenges discussed for using cyanobacterial EVs?\",\"answer\":\"The document notes difficulties in isolating and characterizing cyanobacterial EVs at scale and highlights the need for advances in synthetic biology and genetic engineering to optimize therapeutic performance.\"}]","Cyanobacteria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles - A Novel Frontier in Drug Delivery and Therapeutics | PDF",1790763699,68]