[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-353605-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-353605-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","cutaneous-paraneoplastic-syndromes-in-cats-a-comparative-clinical-review","CUTANEOUS PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES IN CATS - A comparative clinical review","","Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes (CPSs) in cats are rare dermatological manifestations that arise indirectly from underlying neoplasia. Tumour-associated systemic effects—such as immune dysregulation, metabolic disturbances, and cytokine or growth-factor dysregulation—drive these disorders. Recognising CPSs is clinically important because skin signs may precede diagnosis of occult neoplasia, enabling earlier intervention. Diagnosis is challenging and may require biopsy and imaging, while treatment targets the underlying malignancy.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cutaneous-paraneoplastic-syndromes-in-cats-a-comparative-clinical-review/353605/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cutaneous-paraneoplastic-syndromes-in-cats-a-comparative-clinical-review/353605.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Eliana","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",18,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What are cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes (CPSs) in cats?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"CPSs are skin disorders associated with underlying neoplasia, driven by systemic consequences of malignancy rather than direct tumour invasion or metastasis.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why is early recognition of CPSs important?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"CPSs can become evident before a cancer diagnosis, so prompt recognition may help detect occult malignancy at an earlier stage and improve outcomes.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How are CPSs diagnosed in cats?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, often especially in middle-aged to older cats with atypical dermatological presentations. Skin biopsies help distinguish CPSs from primary dermatopathies, and imaging supports tumour localisation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},353605,1790212248,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},4398048949847,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002536579ef2da7f?_k=1778318612642679267","Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2026) 28, 1–17  \nReview  \nCUTANEOUS PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES IN CATS  \nA comparative clinical review  \nPractical relevance: Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes (CPSs) in cats represent a diverse group of rare dermatological manifestations that occur as indirect consequences of underlying neoplasia. These syndromes are thought to arise due to tumour-associated systemic effects, including dysregulation of immune responses, metabolic disturbances and aberrant production of cytokines or growth factors. Recognising CPSs is clinically relevant, as they may serve as  \nearly indicators of occult neoplasia, guiding timely diagnosis and intervention.  \nClinical challenges: Diagnosing CPSs requires a high index of suspicion, particularly in older cats with atypical dermatological presentations. Skin biopsies are needed for distinguishing CPSs from primary dermatopathies, and imaging investigations aid in tumour localisation. The treatment for CPSs involves addressing the underlying malignancy. In cases where surgical resection or chemotherapy successfully reduce tumour burden, partial or complete resolution of cutaneous signs has been documented. However, the prognosis remains guarded, particularly for aggressive neoplasms such as pancreatic and biliary carcinomas.  \nAims: This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge on feline CPSs, focusing on their clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach and therapeutic options. It also aims to summarise current knowledge and identify gaps that can inform future research, with the ultimate goal of advancing understanding and increasing awareness among veterinarians of these complex conditions.  \nKeywords: Paraneoplastic; dermatopathy; thymoma; exfoliative dermatitis; alopecia; cancer; pancreatic carcinoma; cholangiocarcinoma  \nIntroduction  \nAlexandra Guillén  \nDVM, DipECVIM-CA (Oncology), FHEA, MRCVS* The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK  \nAnke Hendricks  \nDrMedVet, CertVD, DipECVD, PGCertAP, FHEA, MRCVS The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK  \nAbel Verbrugghe  \nDVM, MRCVS The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK  \nGuido Rocchigiani  \nDVM, MPhil, PhD, DiplECVP-CFVP University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK  \nEva Espadalé  \nDVM, DipECVD, MRCVS University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK  \n*Corresponding author: [aguillen@rvc.ac.uk](aguillen@rvc.ac.uk)  \nCutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes (CPSs) represent a group of skin diseases associated with underlying neoplasia.1,2 The term ‘paraneoplastic’ was introduced by Guichard and Vignon in 1949 and derives from the Greek roots ‘para’ meaning to or from the side of,‘neo’ meaning new and ‘plasma’ meaning formation.1 Unlike direct tumour effects, such as local invasion and metastasis, these disorders arise from systemic consequences of malignancy, including immune dysregulation, metabolic disturbances and tumour-secreted mediators. in CPSs, removal of the  \ntumour usually results in complete or partial resoution of the skin pathology.  \nCPSs have long been recognised in humans.  \nWhile they are relatively rare, they are important to identify as they frequently become evident before a cancer diagnosis. Therefore, prompt recognition of these cutaneous manifestations may lead to the detection of an occult malignancy at an early stage, which, in turn, may result in a better patient outcome.2 in human medicine, a set of proposed criteria for the diagnosis of paraneoplastic dermatoses exists, which can be adapted for use in cats (see box) .3  \nCliniCal spotlight  \nProposed criteria for the diagnosis of cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes in cats  \n\u003C Simultaneous onset of the neoplasm and dermatosis.  \n\u003C Parallel development/resolution of both conditions.  \n\u003C A specific tumour is associated with a specific dermatosis.  \n\u003C The presented cutaneous dermatosis is uncommon.  \nNote: Not all criteria must be met to postulate a relation between a skin disease and an underlying malignancy.  ","cbCaigGe1ten7KJX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigGe1ten7KJX","pdf",9437050,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Clinical spotlight: Proposed criteria for diagnosis in cats\n# Diagnostic challenges and approach\n## Differential considerations\n## Diagnostic investigations\n# Treatment and prognosis\n## Targeting the underlying malignancy\n# Aims and scope of the review","[{\"question\":\"What are cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes (CPSs) in cats?\",\"answer\":\"CPSs are skin disorders associated with underlying neoplasia, driven by systemic consequences of malignancy rather than direct tumour invasion or metastasis.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is early recognition of CPSs important?\",\"answer\":\"CPSs can become evident before a cancer diagnosis, so prompt recognition may help detect occult malignancy at an earlier stage and improve outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"How are CPSs diagnosed in cats?\",\"answer\":\"Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, often especially in middle-aged to older cats with atypical dermatological presentations. Skin biopsies help distinguish CPSs from primary dermatopathies, and imaging supports tumour localisation.\"}]","CUTANEOUS PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES IN CATS - A comparative clinical review | PDF",1790106303,43]