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It also states that immunotherapy can be as efficient in older patients as in younger ones, though age-related comorbidities may affect treatment choice.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},372825,1790216405,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Review  \nCutaneous Melanoma in the Context of Aging  \nMonica Neagu 1,2,3, *, Carolina Constantin 1,2 and Sabina Zurac 2,4  \nAcademic Editor: Patricia Tai  \nReceived: 8 October 2025  \nRevised: 24 November 2025  \nAccepted: 25 November 2025  \nPublished: 27 November 2025  \nCitation: Neagu, M.; Constantin, C.; Zurac, S. Cutaneous Melanoma in the Context of Aging. Medicina 2025, 61, 2115. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)medicina61122115  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Published by MDPI on behalf of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 ”Victor Babes” National Institute, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; [caroconstantin@gmail.com](caroconstantin@gmail.com)  \n2 Colentina Clinical Hospital, 19-21 Soseaua Stefan cel Mare, 020125 Bucharest, Romania; [sabina_zurac@yahoo.com](sabina_zurac@yahoo.com)  \n3 Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania  \n4 Department of Pathology,“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Bld. 12 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania  \n* [Correspondence: neagu.monica@gmail.com](Correspondence: neagu.monica@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nAgeing is sustained by a complex network of cellular and molecular mechanisms. The main mechanisms are cellular senescence, telomere attrition, gene expression changes, metabolic dysregulations, oxidative stress and epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation. All these networks can harbor the initiation of age-related diseases, skin cancer included. The studies published in the last years linking ageing and skin cancers focus on basal and squamous carcinomas, melanomas and Merkel cell carcinomas. Our review will focus on skin melanomas as one of the aggressive skin cancers along with Merkel cell carcinomas. Several long-term studies conducted on large populations have shown that in elderly individuals melanoma related to photo-exposure has doubled in the last decade. The clinicpathological pattern of skin melanomas is different in aged patients and is guided also by immune-related mechanisms. Besides sun exposure, metabolic deregulations and obesity can be risk factors in melanomas. Controversial results were published on obesity risk in melanomas; however, the adipose tissue favors increased cytokines and growth factors production contributing to melanoma aggressiveness. Moreover, immunotherapy that isnot offered in geriatric patients as often as in young ones has proven to be as efficient as in younger ones, although the aged-related co-morbidities can impede the immunotherapy choice. Without being exhaustive, our review has synthesized current research and critically assessed the links between aging as a normal physiological process to the initiation and propagation of skin cancers, focusing on cutaneous melanoma. The review highlights the differences at various levels of skin melanoma developed in aged patients compared to younger one and gives the general outlines for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutical approaches in aged patients.  \nKeywords: ageing; skin cancers; melanoma; immunotherapy  \n1. Introduction  \nAgeing is a complex process driven by intrinsic factors like heredity and extrinsic factors like lifestyle and environment. There are age-related decline of various systems and their functions over time that can favor the initiation of pathologies like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and so on. A complex network of cellular and molecular mechanisms is driving ageing, such as cellular senescence, telomere attrition, gene expression changes, metabolic dysregulations and epigeneti","cbCaicQPubrUy4R0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicQPubrUy4R0","pdf",981410,23,"English","# Introduction\n## Epigenetic alterations and biomarkers of ageing\n## Links between cancer and ageing\n## Ageing, immune surveillance, and systemic inflammation\n## Research scope: skin cancer and ageing literature","[{\"question\":\"Which mechanisms sustain ageing according to the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights cellular senescence, telomere attrition, gene expression changes, metabolic dysregulation, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does ageing relate to the initiation of skin cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The document explains that ageing-related intrinsic and extrinsic factors increase DNA damage and mutations, enabling carcinogenesis; it also notes that normal skin has a high mutational load that rises with age and photo-damage history.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review state about melanoma in elderly patients and immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"It reports that melanoma clinicopathological patterns differ in aged patients and are guided by immune-related mechanisms. It also states that immunotherapy can be as efficient in older patients as in younger ones, though age-related comorbidities may affect treatment choice.\"}]","Cutaneous Melanoma in the Context of Aging - Review | PDF",1790195488,58]