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For compliance checking, process mining, and verification, the work introduces Temporal Synchronization Rules to annotate BPMN diagrams, analyzes their expressivity, and maps annotated diagrams to timeline-based planning problems to leverage decades of theory and practice.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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address?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The paper addresses BPMN’s lack of direct support for temporal constraints and related aspects such as resources availability and external data affecting decisions.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How does the proposed approach extend BPMN diagrams?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"It annotates BPMN diagrams using Temporal Synchronization Rules borrowed from the timeline-based planning field, enabling expression of complex temporally related constraints.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What is the purpose of mapping annotated BPMN diagrams to planning problems?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"The mapping allows leveraging theoretical and practical developments from timeline-based planning to support analysis via the resulting planning 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[carlo.combi@univr.it](carlo.combi@univr.it)  \nBarbara Oliboni  \nDepartment of Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy [barbara.oliboni@univr.it](barbara.oliboni@univr.it)  \nPietro Sala  \nDepartment of Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy [pietro.sala@univr.it](pietro.sala@univr.it)  \n~~ Abstract ~~  \nBPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) is widely used standard modeling technique for representing Business Processes by using diagrams, but lacks in some aspects. Representing executiondependent and time-dependent decisions in BPMN Diagrams may be a daunting challenge [11] . In many cases such constraints are omitted in order to preserve the simplicity and the readability of the process model. However, for purposes such as compliance checking, process mining, and verification, formalizing such constraints could be very useful. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for annotating BPMN Diagrams with Temporal Synchronization Rules borrowed from the timeline-based planning field. We discuss the expressivity of the proposed approach and show that it is able to capture a lot of complex temporally-related constraints without affecting the structure of BPMN diagrams. Finally, we provide a mapping from annotated BPMN diagrams to timeline-based planning problems that allows one to take advantage of the last twenty years of theoretical and practical developments in the field.  \n2012 ACM Subject Classification Applied computing → Business process modeling; Applied computing  \nKeywords and phrases Business Processes, BPMN, Timelines, Temporal Constraints Digital Object Identifier 10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2019.5  \nRelated Version A full version of the paper is available at [http://profs.scienze.univr.it/~sala/](http://profs.scienze.univr.it/~sala/)[ ](http://profs.scienze.univr.it/~sala/)BPMNTimelinesExtended.pdf.  \nFunding Pietro Sala: acknowledges the financial support from the Italian INdAM-GNCS project 2019 “Formal methods for combined verification”.  \n 1  Introduction  \nNowadays Process-Aware Information Systems (PAISs) have become the cornerstone for organizing activities in most realities, ranging from large private companies (operating in logistics, manufactoring, avionics, and so on) to healthcare institutions [26] . Business Process Management deals with many important aspects such as analysis, modeling, execution, and monitoring of Business Processes [21] .  \nIn this context, BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) [28] is the standard for representing and managing business processes, but it lacks in some aspects such as the specification of (i) temporal constraints [11, 29], (ii) resources availability [12], and (iii) external data affecting decisions [31] .  \nAs pointed out by many applications, time-awareness is a crucial property of business processes in most domains and especially in the healthcare one [20, 29] . However, BPMN does not directly allow the specification of time constraints in process diagrams, despite the  \nfact that they affect the real process flow in many aspects such as choices to be made at given © Carlo Combi, Barbara Oliboni, and Pietro Sala;  \nlicensed under Creative Commons License CC-BY  \n26th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2019) . Editors: Johann Gamper, Sophie Pinchinat, and Guido Sciavicco; Article No. 5; pp. 5:1–5:17  \nLeibniz International Proceedings in Informatics  \n Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Dagstuhl Publishing, Germany  \n5:2 Customizing BPMN Diagrams Using Timelines  \ndecision points, event handling, task durations, resource allocation and so on. This limitation has been considered in the literature in different ways. A possible approach is to extend BPMN with constructs borrowed from workflows and simple temporal networks fields [11, 29] . Another approach consists of translating BPMN diagrams into logical or","cbCairmLfsEzDb7u","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairmLfsEzDb7u","pdf",848383,17,"English","# Introduction\n## BPMN Limitations in Temporal and Data-Aware Modeling\n## Proposed Temporal Synchronization Rule Approach\n## Mapping to Timeline-Based Planning Problems","[{\"question\":\"What limitation of BPMN does the paper address?\",\"answer\":\"The paper addresses BPMN’s lack of direct support for temporal constraints and related aspects such as resources availability and external data affecting decisions.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the proposed approach extend BPMN diagrams?\",\"answer\":\"It annotates BPMN diagrams using Temporal Synchronization Rules borrowed from the timeline-based planning field, enabling expression of complex temporally related constraints.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of mapping annotated BPMN diagrams to planning problems?\",\"answer\":\"The mapping allows leveraging theoretical and practical developments from timeline-based planning to support analysis via the resulting planning representation.\"}]","Customizing BPMN Diagrams Using Timelines - Paper 5 | PDF",1792975090,43]