[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-343576-105":59,"doc-detail-343576-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","current-trends-in-the-characterization-and-monitoring-of-vascular-response-to-cancer-therapy","Current trends in the characterization and monitoring of vascular response to cancer therapy","","Tumor vascular physiology strongly influences cancer progression and therapeutic outcomes, making angiogenesis and its inhibition central to treatment evaluation. Standalone anti-angiogenic therapy has shown limited benefits, but combining it with chemotherapy can improve overall survival through vascular normalization. Longitudinal vascular monitoring after antiangiogenic therapy may identify a drug administration window and better estimate treatment response. This review surveys imaging modalities for before-and-after assessment and discusses clinical prospects.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/current-trends-in-the-characterization-and-monitoring-of-vascular-response-to-cancer-therapy/343576/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/current-trends-in-the-characterization-and-monitoring-of-vascular-response-to-cancer-therapy/343576.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sage","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is tumor vascular physiology important in cancer treatment?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Tumor vascular physiology determines disease progression and influences therapeutic outcomes. Angiogenesis reflects tumor blood supply and can indicate cancer growth and progression.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does combining anti-angiogenic therapy with chemotherapy improve outcomes?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Combination therapy can improve overall survival by inducing vascular normalization. This dynamic process temporarily restores abnormal vasculature toward a normal phenotype, improving chemotherapeutic delivery and intratumor distribution.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the “normalization window” and why must it be monitored?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The normalization window is a transient period when vessels become morphologically and functionally comparable to fully developed blood vessels. Its onset and duration depend on time and dose, varying by cancer type, so longitudinal monitoring is needed to time anticancer drug administration.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},343576,1790517716,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687197207057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Shrestha etal. Cancer Imaging (2024) 24:143 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-024-00767-8](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-024-00767-8)  \nCancer Imaging  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nCurrent trends in the characterization  \nand monitoring of vascular response to cancer therapy  \nBinita Shrestha1*, Noah B Stern1, Annie Zhou1, Andrew Dunn1 and Tyrone Porter 1  \nAbstract  \nTumor vascular physiology is an important determinant of disease progression as well as the therapeutic outcome of cancer treatment. Angiogenesis or the lack of it provides crucial information about the tumor’s blood supply and therefore can be used as an index for cancer growth and progression. While standalone anti-angiogenic therapy demonstrated limited therapeutic benefits, its combination with chemotherapeutic agents improved the overall survival of cancer patients. This could be attributed to the effect of vascular normalization, a dynamic process that temporarily reverts abnormal vasculature to the normal phenotype maximizing the delivery and intratumor distribution of chemotherapeutic agents. Longitudinal monitoring of vascular changes following antiangiogenic therapy can indicate an optimal window for drug administration and estimate the potential outcome of treatment. This review primarily focuses on the status of various imaging modalities used for the longitudinal characterization of vascular changes before and after anti-angiogenic therapies and their clinical prospects.  \nBackground  \nAngiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a tightly regulated physiological process essential for tissue development and repair. It is vital for the continued growth of solid tumors as blood vessels serve as conduits for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to support cell proliferation and the removal of waste to avoid cell toxicity. Scientists hypothesized that shutting down and possibly destroying tumor vasculature with antiangiogenic drugs would lead to cancer cell death and tumor regression. While initial studies of anti-angiogenic therapy against solid tumors produced encouraging results [1], the treatment strategy did not prove to be significantly more effective than the standard of care in clinical trials  \n*Correspondence:  \nBinita Shrestha [Binita.shrestha@utexas.edu](Binita.shrestha@utexas.edu)  \n1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  \n[2]. Interestingly, studies have reported that the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs was improved when combined with an antiangiogenic agent [3–5]. For example, the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab increased the survival of colorectal cancer patients by 5 months when combined with chemotherapy [6]. Whereas tumor vasculature is leaky and disorganized, scientists have speculated that anti-angiogenic agents allow blood vessels to seal properly and distribute more uniformly throughout tumors. In theory, the “normalized” vasculature would enhance the delivery of chemotherapy to a solid tumor, leading to a better therapeutic outcome. In addition, normalized vessels reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME) by reducing tissue hypoxia and inducing an immune-supportive state [7]. Successful execution of this combinatorial/multifactorial treatment strategy would require optimizing the timing between administering antiangiogenic and cytotoxic agents, which is not trivial.  \nVascular normalization is a dynamic process. Research and investigations have provided critical insights into understanding this process and an optimal time frame for  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are i","cbCaiq766JLISSWF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiq766JLISSWF","pdf",3028563,28,"English","# Background\n## Angiogenesis and rationale for antiangiogenic therapy\n# Vascular normalization and the normalization window\n## Timing, dose dependence, and longitudinal monitoring\n# Imaging modalities and clinical prospects","[{\"question\":\"Why is tumor vascular physiology important in cancer treatment?\",\"answer\":\"Tumor vascular physiology determines disease progression and influences therapeutic outcomes. Angiogenesis reflects tumor blood supply and can indicate cancer growth and progression.\"},{\"question\":\"How does combining anti-angiogenic therapy with chemotherapy improve outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Combination therapy can improve overall survival by inducing vascular normalization. This dynamic process temporarily restores abnormal vasculature toward a normal phenotype, improving chemotherapeutic delivery and intratumor distribution.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the “normalization window” and why must it be monitored?\",\"answer\":\"The normalization window is a transient period when vessels become morphologically and functionally comparable to fully developed blood vessels. Its onset and duration depend on time and dose, varying by cancer type, so longitudinal monitoring is needed to time anticancer drug administration.\"}]","Current trends in the characterization and monitoring of vascular response to cancer therapy | PDF",1790051465,71]