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Summarizes key recent advances and highlights practical challenges driven by substantial CRC tissue heterogeneity. Discusses limitations of current spatial-biology workflows and the need for improved computational tools for complex dataset management. Concludes by emphasizing integration of spatial transcriptomics into CRC precision medicine to strengthen therapeutic targeting and patient outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/current-state-and-future-prospects-of-spatial-biology-in-colorectal-cancer-review/332878/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/current-state-and-future-prospects-of-spatial-biology-in-colorectal-cancer-review/332878.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Clementine","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What technologies form the core of spatial biology for colorectal cancer research?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Spatial transcriptomics and spatial proteomics. 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Oncol. 14:1513821 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1513821  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2024 Carranza, Diaz, Ninova and VelazquezVillarreal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nCurrent state and future prospects of spatial biology in colorectal cancer  \nFrancisco G. Carranza 1, Fernando C. Diaz 2, Maria Ninova 3 and Enrique Velazquez-Villarreal 1,4*  \n1 Department of Integrative Translational Sciences, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States, 2 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, 3 Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States, 4City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States  \nOver the past century, colorectal cancer (CRC) has become one of the most devastating cancers impacting the human population. To gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving this solid tumor, researchers have increasingly turned their attention to the tumor microenvironment (TME) . Spatial transcriptomics and proteomics have emerged as a particularly powerful technology for deciphering the complexity of CRC tumors, given that the TME and its spatial organization are critical determinants of disease progression and treatment response. Spatial transcriptomics enables high-resolution mapping of the whole transcriptome. While spatial proteomics maps protein expression and function across tissue sections. Together, they provide a detailed view of the molecular landscape and cellular interactions within the TME. In this review, we delve into recent advances in spatial biology technologies applied to CRC research, highlighting both the methodologies and the challenges associated with their use, such as the substantial tissue heterogeneity characteristic of CRC. We also discuss the limitations of current approaches and the need for novel computational tools to manage and interpret these complex datasets. To conclude, we emphasize the importance of further developing and integrating spatial transcriptomics into CRC precision medicine strategies to enhance therapeutic targeting and improve patient outcomes.  \nKEYWORDS  \ncolorectal cancer, spatial transcriptomics, spatial proteomics, bioinformatics, genomics, personalized medicine, translational research, spatial biology  \n1 Introduction: the role of spatial biology in colorectal cancer research  \nColorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifaceted disease driven by the interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Among these, age, family history, genetic syndromes, microbiota, and lifestyle choices such as diet and physical activity have been identified assignificant contributors to its development and progression (1) . CRC typically originates in  \nFrontiers in Oncology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \nthe colon or rectum—parts of the large intestine—and commonly begins as benign growths known as p","cbCaieASg2rdA4bG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieASg2rdA4bG","pdf",5997882,16,"English","# Introduction: the role of spatial biology in colorectal cancer research\n## Spatial transcriptomics and spatial proteomics for the tumor microenvironment\n## Challenges, limitations, and computational needs\n## Integration into colorectal cancer precision medicine strategies","[{\"question\":\"What technologies form the core of spatial biology for colorectal cancer research?\",\"answer\":\"Spatial transcriptomics and spatial proteomics. Together they map transcriptome and protein expression/function across tissue sections to describe molecular interactions in the tumor microenvironment.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is tissue heterogeneity a major challenge in spatial biology for colorectal cancer?\",\"answer\":\"CRC is characterized by substantial spatial and molecular heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. This complexity makes analysis and interpretation of spatial datasets difficult.\"},{\"question\":\"What computational capability is highlighted as necessary in the review?\",\"answer\":\"Novel computational tools are needed to manage and interpret complex spatial biology datasets, addressing limitations of current approaches.\"}]","Current state and future prospects of spatial biology in colorectal cancer - review | PDF",1789999829]