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Structured data extraction evaluated key treatment variables including device type, pulse energy, session number and frequency, anatomical regions, filter types, light guide configurations, and adjunctive interventions such as MGX, LLLT, and pharmacologic agents, supporting protocol 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Website:\u003Cbr>[http://journals.lww.com/TJOP](http://journals.lww.com/TJOP) |\n| DOI:\u003Cbr>10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00103 |\n\n1Share Bright Vision Eye Clinic, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea  \n*Address for correspondence:  \nProf. Kyoung Yul Seo, Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-Ro,  \nSeodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea. E-mail: seoky@ [yuhs.ac](yuhs.ac)  \nSubmission: 21-06-2025  \nAccepted: 25-10-2025  \nPublished: 22-12-2025  \nReview Article-Narrative Review  \nTaiwan J Ophthalmol 2025;15:505‑515  \nCurrent practices and considerationsin intense pulsed light therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction  \nHyunmin Ahn1, Ikhyun Jun2, Tae-Im Kim2, Kyoung Yul Seo2*  \nAbstract:  \nIntense pulsed light (IPL) therapy has emerged as a promising modality for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), a leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease. However, its clinical application varies significantly across studies, with notable procedural heterogeneity in device selection, treatment intervals, anatomical coverage, and adjunctive strategies. This comprehensive review synthesizes 110 clinical studies to delineate prevailing procedural trends and identify evidence-based components of IPL protocols for MGD. Using structured data extraction, we examined key treatment variables including IPL device type, pulse energy, number and frequency of sessions, anatomical treatment regions, filter types, light guide configurations, and adjunctive interventions such as meibomian gland expression, low-level light therapy, and pharmacologic agents. While substantial variability exists, several consistent procedural patterns were identified that may inform clinical standardization. This review provides a practical framework for optimizing IPL therapy in MGD and underscores the need for further comparative investigations to refine protocol design.  \nKeywords:  \nDry eye disease, intense pulsed light, meibomian gland dysfunction, review, treatment protocol  \nIntroduction  \nDry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial  \ncondition of the ocular surface . Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is oneof its most prevalent subtypes, particularly in patients with evaporative DED.[1] MGD involves obstruction or dysfunction of the meibomian glands, resulting in reduced quality and quantity of meibum. These changes destabilize the tear film and increase evaporative loss.[2] These changes result in ocular discomfort, visual disturbance, anda decline in quality of life.  \nIntense pulsed light (IPL) therapy has recently gained attention as a therapeutic option for MGD. Originally developed for dermatologic purposes, IPL delivers polychromatic light in the 500–1200 nm range. Its mechanisms of action include  \nThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialNoDerivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.  \nFor reprints [contact:](contact: WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com)[ WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com](contact: WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com)  \nphotocoagulation of telangiectasia, thermal liquefaction of mei bum , reduction of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑17A, and eradication of Demodex mites.[3‑6]  \nNumerous randomized controlled trials have shown that IPL treatment can improve subjective symptom scores, lipid layer thickness [LLT], and tear film stability. [7‑9] Consistent improvements in LLT and subjective symptom scores have also been reported when IPL was compared with placebo or no treatment.[10,11] However, clinical studies vary considerably in their protocols. Differences include device type, p","cbCaidpGeeUE31H3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidpGeeUE31H3","pdf",834153,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Methods\n## Literature search strategy\n## Study selection","[{\"question\":\"What variability exists in IPL therapy studies for meibomian gland dysfunction?\",\"answer\":\"Studies vary in device selection, pulse energy, session frequency, anatomical treatment areas, and adjunctive strategies such as meibomian gland expression and low-level light therapy.\"},{\"question\":\"How were studies selected for this review?\",\"answer\":\"A PubMed search in June 2025 identified 379 articles, duplicates were removed, then titles/abstracts were screened and full texts were assessed for eligibility, resulting in 110 included clinical studies.\"},{\"question\":\"Which IPL protocol variables were extracted to compare evidence-based components?\",\"answer\":\"The review extracted device type, pulse energy, number and frequency of sessions, anatomical regions treated, filter types, light guide configurations, and adjunctive interventions including MGX, LLLT, and pharmacologic agents.\"}]","Current practices and considerations in intense pulsed light therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction | PDF",1790746432,48]