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Establishes national demographic and political context, highlighting Brazil’s unequal wealth distribution and the conservative-neoliberal governance shift associated with Bolsonaro. Describes Brazil’s decentralized education system under the LDB and Constitution, detailing federal, state, and municipal responsibilities and the BNCC framework shaping schooling policies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/current-issues-in-comparative-education-volume-24-special-issue-2022/600223/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/current-issues-in-comparative-education-volume-24-special-issue-2022/600223.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"RuangKosong","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Which Brazilian regions are examined in the exploratory study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study focuses on Manaus, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the document characterize Brazil’s education system?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It presents Brazil’s education system as largely decentralized to states and municipalities, operating under national guidelines set by federal authorities.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What role does the COVID-19 pandemic play in the study’s research question?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It frames the implementation of digital learning strategies and links them to their impact on socio-educational gaps during the pandemic.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600223,1792171308,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090883219,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Current Issues in Comparative Education (CICE), Volume 24, Issue 2, Special Issue 2022  \nBrazilian Digital Learning Strategies During the COVID- 19 Pandemic and Their Impact on Socio-Educational Gaps:  \nAn Exploratory Study on Manaus, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo  \nMarcella Winter  \nTeachers College, Columbia University  \nBrazil: Brief demographic and political considerations  \nThe Federative Republic of Brazil is located in South America and shares its borders with all nations in the region, except Chile and Ecuador. The country displays at the same time a highly diverse population–composed mainly of Indigenous Americans, the descendants of African enslaved people and European settlers–and remarkably unequal wealth distribution. The study National Continuous Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - PNAD), launched in 2019 by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística-IBGE), highlighted that the average monthly income of the wealthiest 1% of the Brazilian population reached, in 2018, the correspondent of 33.8 times the income of the poorest 50%(Canzian, 2019) . According to the projections made by IBGE, approximately 213,554,459 people live in Brazil, 84.72% of whom reside in urban areas (IBGE, 2021a). Nearly 52 million people, or 24.2% of the population, are between 0 and 17 years old (IBGE, 2021b). In the 2019 PNAD, 42.7% of Brazilians declared themselves White, 46 .8% Brown, 9 .4% Black, and 1 . 1% Asian or Indigenous (IBGE, 2021c) .  \nThe results of the 2018 presidential election showed that 55% of the electorate assumed that Jair Bolsonaro could lead the country towards new paths, especially regarding the lobbied reforms that would put Brazil's economy on the right track again. Usually in line with religious, conservative, and militaristic discourses, the politician had slight national presence and political representation (Almeida, 2013, p. 580) until running for the position of President of the Republic, under a small and equally unknown party, the right-wing Social Liberal Party (PSL). Immediately after being sworn in as president, he declared that his government would aim to \"unite the people, rescue the family, respect religions and our Judeo-Christian tradition, combat gender ideology, conserving our values\" (Phillips, 2019) . The highlighted line of thought summarizes the essence of the conservative guidelines that have been adopted in different realms of the Bolsonaro administration. The government has also embraced a neoliberal approach inspired by the economic reforms implemented in Chile (Amorim, 2019) and suggested the retrenchment of the welfare dimension of the state (Mladenov, 2015) . During the COVID-19 pandemic, this approach would inspire the management of an already decentralized national education system in which states and municipalities lead the implementation of schooling policies.  \nThe Brazilian education system: A decentralized structure and its main challenges  \nBrazil’s National Education Guidelines and Framework Law (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação [LDB]) defines two main levels of education: basic education (educação básica), subdivided in early childhood education (Educação Infantil), elementary education (Ensino Fundamental) and secondary education (Ensino Médio); and higher education (educação  \n© 2022, Current Issues in Comparative Education, Teachers College, Columbia University. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Current Issues in Comparative Education, 24(2), 123-135.  \nWinter  \nsuperior) (LDB, 1996) . Children are officially required to attend an education cycle of 14 years (Monroy, McNally & Trines, 2019) . Whereas basic education is compulsory and provided free of charge at public schools, private institutions can also offer schooling according to the guidelines established by the Constitution and participate at all educational levels with government approval (OECD, 2015, p. 14) .  \nThe Ministry of Educ","cbCaifQRLZoNsmxO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifQRLZoNsmxO","pdf",249956,13,"English","# Context: Brazil’s demographic and political considerations\n# The Brazilian education system: decentralized structure and challenges\n# Decentralization and pandemic-era education policy\n# Foundations in LDB and BNCC framework","[{\"question\":\"Which Brazilian regions are examined in the exploratory study?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on Manaus, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document characterize Brazil’s education system?\",\"answer\":\"It presents Brazil’s education system as largely decentralized to states and municipalities, operating under national guidelines set by federal authorities.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does the COVID-19 pandemic play in the study’s research question?\",\"answer\":\"It frames the implementation of digital learning strategies and links them to their impact on socio-educational gaps during the pandemic.\"}]","Current Issues in Comparative Education - Volume 24 - Special Issue 2022 | PDF",1792090272,33]