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The text outlines Chile’s education system structure, governance and longstanding neoliberal influences, and describes major pre-pandemic social movements that reshaped education debates. It then traces pandemic school closures, leadership shifts in the Ministry of Education, and policy responses during a period of crisis and unrest.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/current-issues-in-comparative-education-cice-volume-24-special-issue-2022/600224/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/current-issues-in-comparative-education-cice-volume-24-special-issue-2022/600224.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"RuangKosong","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the document’s main focus regarding Chile and COVID-19?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It focuses on Chile’s digital learning strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic and how education policy connects with social realities.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is Chile’s education system structured according to the text?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It is divided into pre-school (0–6), basic education (6–13), high school (14–18), and higher education, with compulsory education spanning 13 grades.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What historical factors shaped Chile’s education system before the pandemic?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Neoliberal influences during the dictatorship introduced competitive vouchers and market-driven school governance, contributing to segregation and inequality, along with education-related student and teacher protests.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600224,1792171726,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090883219,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Current Issues in Comparative Education (CICE), Volume 24, Issue 2, Special Issue 2022  \nChile's Digital Learning Strategy During the COVID-19 Pandemic:  \nConnecting Policy with Social Realities?  \nRomina Quezada Morales  \nTeachers College, Columbia University  \nFigure 1  \nStudents at Colegio Reina Norte in Santiago in 2021, after the school reopened  \nSource: Mineduc (CC BY NC ND 2.0 license, no changes made) .  \nChile on the wake of the pandemic  \nChile is located in South America. It shares borders with Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, and the Pacific Ocean. Its territory has an extension of 469,820 square miles, in addition to 776,874 square miles in the Antarctic. It has 16 administrative regions in the mainland, and its capital is Santiago. In 2017, Chile's population was 17,574,003 people, out of whom 17.6% were between 5 and 17 years old, while 12.4% identified as Indigenous (Sistema de Información de Tendencias Educativas de América Latina [SITEAL], 2019) .  \n© 2022, Current Issues in Comparative Education, Teachers College, Columbia University. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Current Issues in Comparative Education, 24(2), 136-150.  \nChile's Digital Learning Strategy During the COVID-19 Pandemic  \nThe 2018-2022 president of Chile is the center-right, Sebastian Pinera, who previously served as president from 2010 to 2014. Piñera’s second term was being harshly criticized domestically before the pandemic, to the point that, on October 18, 2018, the Chilean people protested against Santiago's increased subway fares, which originated a series of other claims, including education (Plazas, 2019) . In Santiago, teachers suspended classes the Monday following the beginning of the protests. Mario Aguilar, President of the Teachers Union, supported the initiative by inviting teachers to fight in a non-violent way (Meléndez Tormen, 2019). This wave of social unrest was called Chile’s Awakening. Then, the summer vacation period started. It seemed like the 2020 school year would start normally but, only after about eight weeks into it, on March 15, 2020, schools had to close due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean [ECLAC], 2020) . Synchronously, in February 2020, former Minister of Education Marcella Cubillos resigned after being criticized for her performance, but claimed that she wanted to participate in the movement for a constitutional plebiscite (Castillo, 2020; El País, 2020) . As a result, Raúl Figueroa took over the country’s education policy during COVID-19 at the pinnacle of the corresponding social and educational crisis.  \nThe Chilean education system in context  \nChile’s education system is composed of four main levels: pre-school for children from 0 to 6 years of age, basic education from 6 to 13 years of age, high school from 14 to 18 years of age, and higher education (SITEAL, 2019). Education is compulsory from the last year of pre-school to the last year of high school, a total of 13 grades. Special education is integrated either in school establishments or special school establishments. Adult education is provided for compulsory levels. At the beginning of 2020, there were about 3.6 million students enrolled in the National Education System (Crespo, 2020) . The higher education system is divided into the technical-professional and the university branches. While all high school graduates can access the technical-professional branch (usually two years), those who aspire for public, and some private universities must take the Pruebade Selección Universitaria (University Selection Test) . The university branch grants undergraduate (4 to 5 years) and graduate degrees.  \nDuring the Chilean dictatorship (1973-1990), neoliberalism heavily influenced the education system. As explained by Ávalos and Bellei (2019), parents were given the choice of schools for their children, and a system of competitive vouchers was set in place for schools that ensured quality and high achievement. The state su","cbCaihYzx29WV72U","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihYzx29WV72U","pdf",465005,15,"English","# Chile's Digital Learning Strategy During the COVID-19 Pandemic\n## Connecting Policy with Social Realities?\n# The Chilean Education System in Context\n## Levels, governance, and enrollment background\n# Education and Social Unrest\n## Penguin Revolution and subsequent reforms","[{\"question\":\"What is the document’s main focus regarding Chile and COVID-19?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on Chile’s digital learning strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic and how education policy connects with social realities.\"},{\"question\":\"How is Chile’s education system structured according to the text?\",\"answer\":\"It is divided into pre-school (0–6), basic education (6–13), high school (14–18), and higher education, with compulsory education spanning 13 grades.\"},{\"question\":\"What historical factors shaped Chile’s education system before the pandemic?\",\"answer\":\"Neoliberal influences during the dictatorship introduced competitive vouchers and market-driven school governance, contributing to segregation and inequality, along with education-related student and teacher protests.\"}]","Current Issues in Comparative Education (CICE) - Volume 24 - Special Issue 2022 | PDF",1792090272,38]