[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-447366-105":59,"doc-detail-447366-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","current-concepts-in-the-management-of-achilles-tendon-injuries","Current Concepts in the Management of Achilles Tendon Injuries","","Achilles tendon injuries are frequently encountered in orthopaedic practice, with the tendon’s high susceptibility to rupture leading to negative effects on ambulation. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, while treatment has evolved from conservative care to surgical approaches, yet no universal consensus exists on the most superior option. This narrative review traces developments in diagnosis and management of Achilles tendon ruptures and summarizes current evidence across modalities, emphasizing strengths, weaknesses, and outcome measures. Surgical methods include open, percutaneous, endoscopic, and ultrasound-guided repair.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/current-concepts-in-the-management-of-achilles-tendon-injuries/447366/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/current-concepts-in-the-management-of-achilles-tendon-injuries/447366.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dhado","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How are Achilles tendon ruptures typically diagnosed?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Diagnosis is clinical, using inability to toe-stand on the affected limb, marked tenderness around the Achilles, and palpation of a defect along the tendon’s course. Ultrasonography and plain radiography are used in specific scenarios.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What treatment options exist for Achilles tendon rupture?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Treatment ranges from conservative management to surgical repairs. Surgical options described include open repair, percutaneous repair, endoscopic repair, and ultrasound-guided repair.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why is there no single consensus treatment for Achilles tendon injuries?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The document states that despite evolving options, consensus on the most superior treatment is lacking. Each method has pros and cons, and outcomes depend on multiple factors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},447366,1790780825,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},5909893218464,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Current Concepts in the Management of Achilles Tendon Injuries  \n*Tamunokuro Ezekiel Diamond1, Mike Tochi Achor2.  \n1Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.2Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rivers State  \nUniversity, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.  \nAbstract  \nAchilles tendon injuries are commonly encountered in orthopaedic practice. The Achilles tendon is prone to rupture, and this negatively imparts ambulation. The diagnosis is clinical. Treatment options have evolved from conservative to surgeries, however there is no consensus on the most superior option of treatment. This narrative review aims to highlight the evolution in clinical diagnosis and treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures and discuss the current evidence in the treatment with emphasis on outcome measures of each treatment modality. Relevant studies on Achilles tendon ruptures with emphasis on treatment options, their strengths and weaknesses were reviewed. The treatment of Achilles tendon rupture has evolved from conservative options to surgeries. The surgical options include open repair, percutaneous repair, endoscopic repair, and ultrasound-guided repair. However, there is still no consensus on the most superior option for treating Achilles tendon injuries. Each method has its pros and cons. Conservative treatment has the appeal of the absence of scars, low cost and shorter duration of hospital stay. However, ankle stiffness, and late return to work are important drawbacks. Open surgery has the advantage of early return to function and low re-intervention rates. Surgical scars, likelihood of infection and cost are major disadvantages. Appropriate patient selection guided by the severity of the injury, the age of the patient, pre-injury status, work demand for the patient, experience of the surgeon, available resources, local soft tissue condition, and the patient’s preferences are key to successful outcome.  \nKeywords: Achilles Tendon Injuries; Current Concepts; Management.  \nCorrespondence: Dr. Tamunokuro Ezekiel Diamond. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Rivers State University. E-mail: [teddymond@gmail.com](teddymond@gmail.com).  \nHow to cite: Diamond TE, Achor MT. Current Concepts in the Management of Achilles Tendon Injuries. Niger Med J 2025; 66 (4):1301-  \n1314.[https://doi.org/10.71480/nmj.v66i4.878](https://doi.org/10.71480/nmj.v66i4.878) .  \nQuick Response Code:  \nIntroduction  \nThe Achilles tendon is the strongest and thickest tendon in the body. It is also the most prone to rupture [1] because it plays key roles in all phases of the gait cycle, injuries of the Achilles tendon affect ambulation negatively. The tendon is formed by the terminal fibers of the gastrocnemius muscle and the soleus muscles running behind the ankle and sub-talar joints to attach to the calcaneus.  \nAchilles tendon rupture rates are the highest among all tendons in the body, accounting for one-fifth of all tendon ruptures [2] . Injuries to the tendon can typically be divided into high energy injuries, low energy injuries, and penetrating injuries. High energy injuries commonly occur during sports, especially those involving exertion of firm dorsiflexion to produce propulsive motion. These ruptures occur in an otherwise healthy tendon and are commonly seen in young people between age 20-45 years [3] . Low energy injuries commonly occur in tendons already diseased by degenerative conditions. These results from sub-optimal force applied repetitively on an already weakened tendon [4]and are common in patients 60 years and above.  \nBicycle spoke injuries are the most common cause of Penetrating injuries to the Achilles tendon. Guptha and Shrestha [5] typically described these injuries as those occurring on back-seated passengers on the bicycle who sit with legs dangling out on either one or both sides of the wheel","cbCainGWhwbxGuwx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainGWhwbxGuwx","pdf",475179,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Anatomy\n## Injury Classification\n## Diagnosis\n## Treatment Approaches\n## Methods of Literature Review\n# Anatomy (continued)","[{\"question\":\"How are Achilles tendon ruptures typically diagnosed?\",\"answer\":\"Diagnosis is clinical, using inability to toe-stand on the affected limb, marked tenderness around the Achilles, and palpation of a defect along the tendon’s course. Ultrasonography and plain radiography are used in specific scenarios.\"},{\"question\":\"What treatment options exist for Achilles tendon rupture?\",\"answer\":\"Treatment ranges from conservative management to surgical repairs. Surgical options described include open repair, percutaneous repair, endoscopic repair, and ultrasound-guided repair.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is there no single consensus treatment for Achilles tendon injuries?\",\"answer\":\"The document states that despite evolving options, consensus on the most superior treatment is lacking. Each method has pros and cons, and outcomes depend on multiple factors.\"}]","Current Concepts in the Management of Achilles Tendon Injuries | PDF",1790719937,35]