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Dysregulated regulated cell death can enable abnormal cell survival and proliferation, driving tumor development. Beyond apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, the regulated cell death pathways cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and PANoptosis offer new therapeutic avenues. Accumulating evidence shows these death modes in tumor and immune cells can remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME) and affect the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. This review details their molecular mechanisms and summarizes nanoparticle-based tumor therapy supported by in vivo and in vitro findings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cuproptosis-ferroptosis-and-panoptosis-in-tumor-immune-microenvironment-remodeling-and-immunotherapy-culprits-or-new-hope-review/331526/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cuproptosis-ferroptosis-and-panoptosis-in-tumor-immune-microenvironment-remodeling-and-immunotherapy-culprits-or-new-hope-review/331526.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Quinn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are regulated cell death pathways important for tumor development?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Dysregulation of regulated cell death can allow abnormal cells to survive and proliferate, promoting tumor development and progression.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and PANoptosis relate to the tumor microenvironment (TME)?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"These newly recognized regulated cell death modes can mediate the death of tumor and immune cells, thereby reshaping the TME and influencing immunotherapy effectiveness.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What role do nanoparticles play in this review?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review summarizes nanoparticle applications in tumor therapy, based on in vivo and in vitro evidence that targets cuproptosis, ferroptosis, or PANoptosis pathways.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331526,1790628914,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":41,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962075114765,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Zhang et al. Molecular Cancer (2024) 23:255 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02130-8](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02130-8)  \nMolecular Cancer  \nREVIEW Open Access  \nCuproptosis, ferroptosis and PANoptosisin tumor immune microenvironment remodeling and immunotherapy: culprits or new hope  \nXiaojie Zhang 1†, Bufu Tang 1,4†, Jinhua Luo 1, Yang Yang 1,2,3, Qiaoyou Weng 1,2,3, Shiji Fang 1,2,3, Zhongwei Zhao 1,2,3, Jianfei Tu 1,2,3*, Minjiang Chen 1,2,3* and Jiansong Ji 1,2,3*  \nAbstract  \nNormal life requires cell division to produce new cells, but cell death is necessary to maintain balance. Dysregulation of cell death can lead to the survival and proliferation of abnormal cells, promoting tumor development. Unlike apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, the newly recognized forms of regulated cell death (RCD) cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and PANoptosis provide novel therapeutic strategies for tumor treatment. Increasing research indicates that the death of tumor and immune cells mediated by these newly discovered forms of cell death can regulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and influence the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy.  \nThis review primarily elucidates the molecular mechanisms of cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and PANoptosis and their complex effects on tumor cells and the TME. This review also summarizes the exploration of nanoparticle applications in tumor therapy based on in vivo and in vitro evidence derived from the induction or inhibition of these new RCD pathways.  \nKeywords Cuproptosis, Ferroptosis, PANoptosis, TME, Nanoparticles  \n†Xiaojie Zhang and Bufu Tang contributed equally to this work.  \n*Correspondence:  \nJianfei Tu [jianfei1133@163.com](jianfei1133@163.com)[ ](jianfei1133@163.com)Minjiang Chen [minjiangchen@wmu.edu.cn](minjiangchen@wmu.edu.cn)[ ](minjiangchen@wmu.edu.cn)Jiansong Ji [jjstcty@wmu.edu.cn](jjstcty@wmu.edu.cn)  \n1Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Csaenter of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China  \n2Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China 3School of Medcine, Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China  \n4Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China  \nOverview of cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and PANoptosis  \nOccurring recurrently in body tissues, cell death is an irrevocable process that safeguards tissue functionality and morphology. According to cell morphology, biochemistry, and function, the Cell Death Nomenclature Committee divides cell death into accidental and regulated cell death (RCD) [1]. Accidental cell death is a biologically uncontrolled process in response to accidental injury stimuli [2]. RCD is considered an controlled passive process mediated by a series of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways [3]. Extensive investigations into tumor cells and therapeutic approaches have revealed that RCD-induced cell death  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is n","cbCaim5jIeeM6wsH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaim5jIeeM6wsH","pdf",4645667,"English","# Overview of cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and PANoptosis\n## Regulated versus accidental cell death\n## Relevance to tumor progression and immunotherapy","[{\"question\":\"Why are regulated cell death pathways important for tumor development?\",\"answer\":\"Dysregulation of regulated cell death can allow abnormal cells to survive and proliferate, promoting tumor development and progression.\"},{\"question\":\"How do cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and PANoptosis relate to the tumor microenvironment (TME)?\",\"answer\":\"These newly recognized regulated cell death modes can mediate the death of tumor and immune cells, thereby reshaping the TME and influencing immunotherapy effectiveness.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do nanoparticles play in this review?\",\"answer\":\"The review summarizes nanoparticle applications in tumor therapy, based on in vivo and in vitro evidence that targets cuproptosis, ferroptosis, or PANoptosis pathways.\"}]","Cuproptosis, ferroptosis and PANoptosis in tumor immune microenvironment remodeling and immunotherapy: culprits or new hope - Review | PDF",1789993737,76]