[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-411063-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-411063-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","cultivation-to-consumption-strengthening-bacterial-safety-in-plant-based-nutraceuticals-review","Cultivation to consumption - strengthening bacterial safety in plant-based nutraceuticals - review","","Plant-based nutraceuticals are increasingly valued for bioactive compounds that support health and help prevent chronic diseases, yet growing demand elevates concerns about microbial safety across the full production chain. Contamination may arise during cultivation and harvesting and also during processing, storage, and distribution, with pathogens and toxin-producing fungi threatening quality, consumer health, and antimicrobial resistance. This review summarizes contamination sources, health risks, limits of conventional controls, and emerging approaches such as cold plasma, UV treatment, high hydrostatic pressure, nanocoatings, probiotic biocontrol, and AI-based microbial monitoring, while integrating regulatory, quality assurance, and consumer education to improve safety from production to consumption.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cultivation-to-consumption-strengthening-bacterial-safety-in-plant-based-nutraceuticals-review/411063/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cultivation-to-consumption-strengthening-bacterial-safety-in-plant-based-nutraceuticals-review/411063.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Bintang","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Where can microbial contamination occur in plant-based nutraceutical production?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Contamination can occur at multiple stages, from cultivation and harvesting to processing, storage, and distribution.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which pathogens are highlighted as risks to nutraceutical products and consumers?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The review notes risks from pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes, as well as toxin-producing fungi.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What emerging techniques are discussed for strengthening microbial safety?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It covers cold plasma, ultraviolet light treatment, high hydrostatic pressure, nanocoatings, probiotic biocontrol, and AI-driven microbial monitoring.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},411063,1790963433,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":99,"preview_page_count":4},962085564381,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 18 December 2025 DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1698580  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nWolfram Manuel Brück,  \nUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Switzerland  \nREVIEWED BY  \nNavnidhi Chhikara,  \nGuru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India  \nCynthia Torres,  \nAutonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nAshish Gaur  \n [gashishdrdo@gmail.com](gashishdrdo@gmail.com)[ ](gashishdrdo@gmail.com)Naresh Kumar Wagri  \n [wagri@kth.se](wagri@kth.se)  \nRECEIVED 03 September 2025  \nREVISED 03 December 2025  \nACCEPTED 03 December 2025  \nPUBLISHED 18 December 2025  \nCITATION  \nGaur A, Singhal N, Vardhan H, Jain R,  \nBist Y and Wagri NK (2025) Cultivation to consumption: strengthening bacterial safety in plant-based nutraceuticals.  \nFront. Microbiol. 16:1698580 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1698580  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Gaur, Singhal, Vardhan, Jain, Bist and Wagri. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nCultivation to consumption: strengthening bacterial safety in plant-based nutraceuticals  \nAshish Gaur 1*, Nishant Singhal 2, Harsh Vardhan3, Rajul Jain4, Yograj Bist 5 and Naresh Kumar Wagri 6*  \n1Department of Biosciences, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, India, 2Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, 3School of Life Sciences (SLS), Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India, 4Department of Zoology, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (DEI), Agra, India, 5Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, India, 6Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering and Management, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden  \nPlant-based nutraceuticals are increasingly recognized for their bioactive compounds that promote health and assist in preventing chronic diseases. However, the rising demand has raised concerns about microbial safety, as contamination can occur at multiple stages of the production process-ranging from cultivation and harvesting to processing, storage, and distribution. Pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and toxin-producing fungi pose risks to product quality, threaten consumer health, and contribute to antimicrobial resistance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the sources and types of microbial contamination, associated health risks, and the shortcomings of conventional control methods. It highlights recent advancements in safety techniques, including cold plasma, ultraviolet light treatment, high hydrostatic pressure, nanocoatings, probiotic biocontrol, and AI-driven microbial monitoring. Additionally, the analysis addresses the role of regulatory frameworks, quality assurance practices, and consumer education as integral elements of a unified safety approach. It integrates technological progress, regulatory perspectives, and consumer behavior to offer a detailed guide for ensuring the microbial safety of plant-derived nutraceuticals, thereby fostering confidence in these products from production through to consumption.  \nKEYWORDS  \ncultivation, harvesting, microbial contamination, nutrition, plant-based nutraceuticals  \n1 Introduction  \nPlant-based nutraceuticals have garnered significant attention for their role in health promotion and disease prevention. The global increase in aging populations and the rising prevalence of chronic illnesses have intensified consumer demand for functional foods and nutraceuticals (Daniel et al., 2023). The global fascination with plant-bas","cbCaigzYXtxYlc39","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigzYXtxYlc39","pdf",1648292,24,"English","# Introduction\n# Microbial Contamination in Plant-Based Nutraceuticals\n## Sources and Types of Contamination\n## Health Risks and Antimicrobial Resistance\n# Limitations of Conventional Control Methods\n# Emerging Safety Technologies\n## Cold Plasma and UV Treatment\n## High Hydrostatic Pressure and Nanocoatings\n## Probiotic Biocontrol and AI Monitoring\n# Regulatory Frameworks, Quality Assurance, and Consumer Education\n# Integrated Safety Approach","[{\"question\":\"Where can microbial contamination occur in plant-based nutraceutical production?\",\"answer\":\"Contamination can occur at multiple stages, from cultivation and harvesting to processing, storage, and distribution.\"},{\"question\":\"Which pathogens are highlighted as risks to nutraceutical products and consumers?\",\"answer\":\"The review notes risks from pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes, as well as toxin-producing fungi.\"},{\"question\":\"What emerging techniques are discussed for strengthening microbial safety?\",\"answer\":\"It covers cold plasma, ultraviolet light treatment, high hydrostatic pressure, nanocoatings, probiotic biocontrol, and AI-driven microbial monitoring.\"}]","Cultivation to consumption - strengthening bacterial safety in plant-based nutraceuticals - review | PDF",1790587268]