[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-648631-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-648631-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","cs354-computer-graphics-viewing-and-projections","CS354 Computer Graphics - Viewing and Projections","","This document provides a comprehensive lecture overview of viewing and projection techniques in computer graphics, specifically focusing on the mathematical and conceptual distinctions between perspective and parallel projections. It details the mechanics of orthographic and multiview orthographic projections, explaining how three-dimensional objects are represented in two-dimensional space through fixed planes and parallel lines of sight. Additionally, the lecture introduces isometric projection as a specific form of axonometric projection used in CAD and architectural visualization. The content serves as a foundational guide for understanding the projection pipeline, coordinate systems, and the geometric principles required for effectively rendering 3D graphics.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/","Technology",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cs354-computer-graphics-viewing-and-projections/648631/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cs354-computer-graphics-viewing-and-projections/648631.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Emma Wilson","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",5,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the fundamental distinction between perspective and parallel projections?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The fundamental distinction lies in the behavior of the projectors: parallel projections use parallel lines of sight, whereas perspective projections feature lines that converge at a specific center of projection.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does orthographic projection represent 3D objects?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Orthographic projection is a type of parallel projection where all lines of sight are orthogonal (at 90-degree angles) to the projection plane, effectively flattening three-dimensional objects into two-dimensional views.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What is an isometric projection in the context of CAD and architecture?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"An isometric projection is a type of axonometric projection used to display 3D objects in 2D, where the three coordinate axes appear equally foreshortened, typically with 120-degree angles between them.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},648631,1792865423,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,100,104,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},6,50,"technology",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":101,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":107,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},3848291630094,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Slide Credit: Donald S. Fussell  \nCS354 Computer Graphics Viewing and Projections  \nQixing Huang February 19th 2018  \nEye Coordinates (not NDC)  \nPlanar Geometric Projections  \n• Standard projections project onto a plane  \n• Projectors are lines that either  \n– converge at a center of projection  \n– are parallel  \n• Such projections preserve lines  \n– but not necessarily angles  \nClassical Projections  \nPerspective vs Parallel  \n• Computer graphics treats all projections the same and implements them with a single pipeline  \n• Classical viewing developed different techniques for drawing each type of projection  \n• Fundamental distinction is between parallel and perspective viewing even though mathematically parallel viewing is the limit of perspective viewing  \nTaxonomy of Projections  \nParallel Projection  \nA parallel projection is a projection of an object in three-dimensional space onto a fixed plane, known as the projection plane or image plane, where the rays, known as lines of sight or projection lines, are parallel to each other.  \nPerspective Projection  \nOrthographic Projection  \nProjectors are orthogonal to projection surface  \nOrthographic projection is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane.  \nMultiview Orthographic Projection  \nProjection plane parallel to principal face Usually form front, top, side views  \nisometric (not multiview orthographic view)  \nin CAD and architecture, we often display three multiviews plus isometric  \ntop  \nfront  \nside  \nIsometric projection is a method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. It is an axonometric projection in which the three coordinate axes appear equally foreshortened and the angle between any two of them is 120 degrees.","cbCaioiNQoxysbuq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioiNQoxysbuq","pdf",3830132,"English","# Planar Geometric Projections\n## Perspective vs Parallel Viewing\n# Taxonomy of Projections\n## Parallel Projection\n## Perspective Projection\n## Orthographic Projection\n## Multiview Orthographic Projection\n## Isometric Projection","[{\"question\":\"What is the fundamental distinction between perspective and parallel projections?\",\"answer\":\"The fundamental distinction lies in the behavior of the projectors: parallel projections use parallel lines of sight, whereas perspective projections feature lines that converge at a specific center of projection.\"},{\"question\":\"How does orthographic projection represent 3D objects?\",\"answer\":\"Orthographic projection is a type of parallel projection where all lines of sight are orthogonal (at 90-degree angles) to the projection plane, effectively flattening three-dimensional objects into two-dimensional views.\"},{\"question\":\"What is an isometric projection in the context of CAD and architecture?\",\"answer\":\"An isometric projection is a type of axonometric projection used to display 3D objects in 2D, where the three coordinate axes appear equally foreshortened, typically with 120-degree angles between them.\"}]","CS354 Computer Graphics - Viewing and Projections | PDF",1792794227,101]