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This study investigates how publicly listed companies recognize, measure, and disclose cryptocurrencies under IFRS and U.S. GAAP, and how Accounting Information Systems (AIS) support these practices. A qualitative interpretivist content analysis examines audited annual reports from six cryptocurrency-exposed firms, focusing on policies, classification, valuation, impairment, disclosures, risk reporting, and AIS capabilities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cryptocurrency-adoption-in-accounting-challenges-in-fair-value-measurement-financial-reporting-and-accounting-information-systems/159756/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cryptocurrency-adoption-in-accounting-challenges-in-fair-value-measurement-financial-reporting-and-accounting-information-systems/159756.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Oliver","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-08-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":46},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why do cryptocurrency adoption practices create challenges for financial reporting?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Cryptocurrencies are decentralized, highly volatile, and market-price dependent, making recognition, disclosure, and measurement difficult for systems designed for conventional instruments.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are cryptocurrencies commonly classified under IFRS and U.S. GAAP according to the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study notes that both frameworks generally lead companies to classify cryptocurrencies as intangible assets, rather than cash or financial instruments, citing IAS 38 or ASC 350.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the study’s research questions about fair value measurement and disclosure?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper asks how regulatory frameworks guide recognition and fair value measurement in practice, how companies classify cryptocurrencies under existing standards, and the extent to which disclosure is transparent, consistent, and comparable.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},159756,1788022476,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":46,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461610,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Journal of Business Insight and Innovation  \nVolume 5 Issue 5, 2026  \nISSN-p: 3006-2284, ISSN-e: 3006-0982 [https://insightfuljournals.com/](https://insightfuljournals.com/)  \nCRYPTOCURRENCY ADOPTION IN ACCOUNTING: CHALLENGES IN FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT, FINANCIAL REPORTING, AND ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS Micaella Mae H. Napoles 1, Dr. Ain Bemisal Alavi 2, Dr. Faisal Khan 3, Narvind Kumar 4  \nDOI: [https://doi.org/10.63544/jbii.v5i5.111](https://doi.org/10.63544/jbii.v5i5.111)  \nAffiliations:  \n1, 2, 3 Business and Management, Bath Spa University-RAK Campus, UAE  \n[1](1 Email: micaellanapoles77@gmail.com)[ Email: micaellanapoles77@gmail.com](1 Email: micaellanapoles77@gmail.com)  \n2 Email: [ain@bathspa.ae](ain@bathspa.ae)  \n3 Email: [faisal@bathspa.ae](faisal@bathspa.ae)  \n4 Institute of Business Administration, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan  \nEmail: [knarvind@hotmail.com](knarvind@hotmail.com)  \nCorresponding Author’s Email:  \n[2](2 ain@bathspa.ae)[ ain@bathspa.ae](2 ain@bathspa.ae)  \nCopyright: Author/s License:  \nArticle History: Received: 27.04.2026  \nAccepted: 14.05.2026  \nPublished: 24.05.2026  \nAbstract  \nThe rapid growth of cryptocurrencies has created significant challenges for financial reporting systems that were not designed for decentralized and highly volatile digital assets. This study examines how publicly listed companies recognize, measure, and disclose cryptocurrencies in their financial statements under IFRS and U.S. GAAP, while also exploring the role of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) in supporting cryptocurrency accounting practices. Using a qualitative, interpretivist approach, the study conducts content analysis of audited annual financial statements from six cryptocurrency-exposed companies: Tesla, MicroStrategy, CleanSpark, Riot Platforms, Galaxy Digital, and PayPal. The analysis focuses on accounting policies, asset classification, measurement methods, impairment treatment, disclosure practices, risk reporting, and AIS capabilities. The findings reveal a strong tendency to classify cryptocurrencies as intangible assets, while excluding them from cash and financial instrument categories. However, differences remain in measurement and disclosure practices. Overall, the study contributes to the growing literature on cryptocurrency accounting by providing evidence from actual corporate reporting practices and highlighting ongoing challenges related to comparability, transparency, and system readiness.  \nKeywords: Cryptocurrency Accounting; Fair Value Measurement; Financial Reporting; Accounting Information Systems (AIS); Digital Assets.  \n1. Introduction  \nThe growing popularity of cryptocurrencies has made them more available on the balance sheets of many organizations and this has led to new accounting problems. Unlike traditional financial instruments, cryptocurrencies are decentralised, highly volatile and dependent on the market price so that accounting disclosure is difficult (Tan & Low, 2017) . Neither IFRS nor US GAAP provides detailed guidance on accounting for cryptocurrencies. Therefore, they are classified as intangible assets in accordance with IAS 38 or ASC 350, not cash or financial instruments (IFRS Interpretations Committee, 2019) . Although this approach is reasonable, it has been criticized for not being appropriate enough for accounting crypto assets. Another issue associated with the accounting for cryptocurrencies is the measurement. Applying cost-based accounting and impairment models to them can lead to a misleading portrayal of their value in the financial statements (Procházka, 2018). However, recent updates to accounting standards, such as ASU 2023-08 which allows measuring them at fair value under US GAAP. Finally, the accounting information systems (AIS) of  \nTitle: Cryptocurrency Adoption in Accounting: Challenges in Fair Value Measurement, Financial 43  \nReporting, and Accounting Information Systems  \nJournal of Business Insight and Innovation  \nVolume 5 I","cbCaitJFPyPP2GUt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitJFPyPP2GUt","pdf",1049138,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Problem Statement\n## Purpose of Research\n## Research Questions","[{\"question\":\"Why do cryptocurrency adoption practices create challenges for financial reporting?\",\"answer\":\"Cryptocurrencies are decentralized, highly volatile, and market-price dependent, making recognition, disclosure, and measurement difficult for systems designed for conventional instruments.\"},{\"question\":\"How are cryptocurrencies commonly classified under IFRS and U.S. GAAP according to the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study notes that both frameworks generally lead companies to classify cryptocurrencies as intangible assets, rather than cash or financial instruments, citing IAS 38 or ASC 350.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the study’s research questions about fair value measurement and disclosure?\",\"answer\":\"The paper asks how regulatory frameworks guide recognition and fair value measurement in practice, how companies classify cryptocurrencies under existing standards, and the extent to which disclosure is transparent, consistent, and comparable.\"}]","Cryptocurrency Adoption in Accounting - Challenges in Fair Value Measurement, Financial Reporting, and Accounting Information Systems | PDF",43]