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It sets scoring rules for eight categories and 22 items, including whole-number category scores from 0 to 5, reporting each category score plus a total (out of 40 or percent), and using present/absent/not applicable item descriptors. 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To view a copy of this license, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)  \nCCAT User Guide (version 1.4)  \nSummary of main points  \n• The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) consists of  \n􀀁 The CCAT Form  \n􀀁 The CCAT User Guide.  \n• Always use the CCAT Form and the CCAT User Guide together.  \n• Research designs should be appraised on their own merits, not to a ‘gold standard’.  \n• All categories must be scored: it does not matter which research design was used  \n􀀁 The lowest score for a category is 0, the highest score is 5  \n􀀁 Category scores are whole numbers only (that is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5)  \n􀀁 The score for each category must be reported  \n􀀁 The total score (out of 40 or as a percent) is reported in addition to each category score.  \n• Item descriptors may be marked 􀀂 present, 􀀃 absent, or ■ not applicable.  \n􀀁 Tick marks are not a check list to be totalled.  \n􀀁 Tick marks are simply a guide to scoring a category.  \n• If in doubt use your best judgement, there is no right or wrong answer.  \nContents  \nIntroduction ....................................................... 2  \nOverview of scoring a paper.............................. 3  \nGuidelines for scoring categories and items..... 5  \n1. Preliminaries..............................................5  \n2. Introduction ..............................................5  \n3. Design ....................................................... 6  \n4. Sampling ...................................................7  \n5. Data collection ......................................... 8  \n6. Ethical matters ......................................... 9  \n7. Results ..................................................... 10  \n8. Discussion ................................................ 11  \n9. Total ......................................................... 11  \nReferences .........................................................12  \nVersion information .........................................12  \nMy notes............................................................ 13  \nCCAT User Guide (version 1.4)  \nIntroduction  \nThe Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) consists of the CCAT Form (the Form) and the CCAT User Guide (the User Guide) . The Form and the User Guide must be used together otherwise validity and reliability of the scores obtained may be severely compromised. Any changes made to the categories, items, or item descriptors, no matter how small, may also compromise the validity and reliability of the scores obtained. Changes made to the CCAT Form must be tested to verify the validity and reliability of the scores and score compatibility with other versions of the Form.  \nThe CCAT is demanding. It assumes that you are familiar with research designs, sampling techniques, ethics, data collection methods, and statistical and non-statistical data analysis techniques. Therefore, it may be helpful to have a general research methods text book available when you appraise papers.  \nThe information sought when appraising a paper is unlikely to be in the sequence outlined in the Form. Therefore, it is suggested that you read each paper quickly from start to finish getting an overall sense of what is being discussed.  \nOn the first reading of a paper, these sections on the first page of the Form may be completed before you begin scoring the paper  \n• Reference Keep track of papers appraised with a unique identification.  \n• Reviewer Identify the reviewer of the paper, especially if more than one per article.  \n• Citation Match the Form with the paper appraised.  \n• Research design Indicate the research design or designs used in the paper.  \no The l","cbCaivxoI7lXtDnB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivxoI7lXtDnB","pdf",188101,14,"English","# Introduction\n# Overview of scoring a paper\n# Guidelines for scoring categories and items\n## Preliminaries\n## Introduction\n## Design\n## Sampling\n## Data collection\n## Ethical matters\n## Results\n## Discussion\n## Total\n# References\n# Version information\n# My notes","[{\"question\":\"How should the CCAT User Guide and CCAT Form be used together?\",\"answer\":\"Use the CCAT Form and the CCAT User Guide together. Any changes to categories, items, or item descriptors may compromise the validity and reliability of scores.\"},{\"question\":\"What scoring scale does CCAT use for each category?\",\"answer\":\"Each category is scored on a 0–5 scale using whole numbers only. The lowest score is 0 and the highest is 5.\"},{\"question\":\"What should be reported besides individual category scores?\",\"answer\":\"Report each category score and also report the total score out of 40 (or as a percent) in addition to the category scores.\"}]","Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) User Guide - Version 1.4 - Scoring and Appraising Papers | PDF",1791019810,35]