[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-42951-en":3,"doc-seo-42951-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},42951,16904993612988,"Olivia Brown","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","Criticism of Neo-Colonialism: Clarification of Sino-African Cooperation and Its Implication to the West","This paper examines whether claims about the nature of Sino-African relations can be qualified as a form of neo-colonialism and clarifies Western perceptions and implications regarding Sino-African geopolitical cooperation. It evaluates whether China exploits weak African states under the banner of South–South cooperation or functions as a modern proxy of older colonial systems. The study argues that neo-colonial criticism is speculative or Sinophobic and notes Africa’s capacity to address related issues, supported by theoretical analysis of China’s international aid involvement.","Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies  \nISSN: 1476-5284 (Print) 1476-5292 (Online) Journal homepage: [https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rcea20](https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rcea20)  \nCriticism of neo-colonialism: clarification of SinoAfrican cooperation and its implication to the west  \nAmsalu K. Addis & Zhu Zuping  \nTo cite this article: Amsalu K. Addis & Zhu Zuping (2018) Criticism of neo-colonialism: clarification of Sino-African cooperation and its implication to the west, Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 16:4, 357-373, DOI: 10. 1080/14765284 .2018.1521593  \nTo link to this article: [https://doi.org/10.1080/14765284.2018.1521593](https://doi.org/10.1080/14765284.2018.1521593)  \n Published online: 24 Sep 2018.  \n\n|  Submit your article to this journal  |  |\n| --- | --- |\n|  Article views: 3230 |  |\n|  | View related articles  |\n|  | View Crossmark data |\n|  Citing articles: 1 View citing articles  |  |\n\nFull Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at [https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rcea20](https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rcea20)  \nARTICLE  \nCriticism of neo-colonialism: clarification of Sino-African cooperation and its implication to the west  \nAmsalu K. Addis  and Zhu Zuping  \nSchool of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China  \nABSTRACT  \nThis paper examines whether the claims regarding the nature of the Sino-African relations can be qualified or categorised as a neocolonialism approach. Additionally, the paper analyses the Western perception and implication towards the Sino-African geopolitical cooperation and clarifies whether China is taking advantage of the weak African states in the name of South–South cooperation or playing the role of a contemporary proxy of the old colonial system and re-partitioning Africa. The relation between China and Africa simultaneously presents both challenges and opportunities for either of them. This study argues that the criticism that China is invading the continent and practicing neo-colonialism is just a speculation or Sinophobia. In fact, the Chinese have no gene in their blood to invade Africa and it is crystal clear that unlike China, the Western world has had an influential history in the African continent. The African government and their societies have the ability to address the issues of Sino-African relations. This paper additionally provides a theoretical analysis of China’s enthusiastic involvement and contribution to the international aid operations and its presence and contribution in Africa.  \nARTICLE HISTORY  \nReceived 14 September 2017 Accepted 30 August 2018  \nKEYWORDS  \nSino-African relations; neocolonialism; peaceful coexistence; China; Africa; cooperation  \nJEL CLASSIFICATION  \nF35; F54; O55; P45  \nThe commencement of Sino-African traditional and modern relationships  \nSino-African relations and cooperation have a long-standing history since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. Chinese scholars claim that China’s relation with the continent may go back as far as the Han dynasty. Since the beginning of the new century, Sino-African relations have developed rapidly and a new type of strategic partnership has been established. China has actively promoted the development of friendly relations and cooperation with Africa. Their relations and cooperation can be traced back to the late 1955 Bandung Conference, Indonesia (Dirlik 2015; LumumbaKasongo 2015; Wilson 1964) . Generally, Sino-African relations can be divided into three stages which are from 1955 to the early 1970s, from the late 1970s to the early 1990s, and from late 1990s to the present.  \nFirst phase: emphasising on the political ideology. The modern relations commenced in the era of the birth of China. The solid foundation of the Sino-African relations began during the reign of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leader, Chairman Mao. Continuing from 1955 to the late 1970s, r","cbCaikjRLUi25v3Y","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikjRLUi25v3Y","pdf",1590143,6,1,18,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n## Research focus and argument\n## Historical development of Sino-African relations\n## Phase 1 (1955–early 1970s)\n## Bandung Conference and anti-colonial support\n## Phase 2 (late 1970s–early 1990s)","[{\"question\":\"What is the central question the paper investigates about Sino-African relations?\",\"answer\":\"The paper examines whether descriptions of Sino-African relations can be categorized as neo-colonialism, and how Western perceptions shape the interpretation of Sino-African cooperation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper respond to the criticism that China is practicing neo-colonialism in Africa?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that claims of China invading Africa and practicing neo-colonialism are speculation or Sinophobia, contrasting China’s role with the West’s influential history on the continent.\"},{\"question\":\"What analytical angle does the paper use to evaluate China’s role in Africa?\",\"answer\":\"It provides theoretical analysis of China’s enthusiastic involvement and contribution to international aid operations, alongside its presence and contributions in Africa.\"}]",1783374756,45,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"criticism-of-neo-colonialism-clarification-of-sino-african-cooperation-and-its-implication-to-the-west","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/criticism-of-neo-colonialism-clarification-of-sino-african-cooperation-and-its-implication-to-the-west/42951/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-15","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What is the central question the paper investigates about Sino-African relations?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"The paper examines whether descriptions of Sino-African relations can be categorized as neo-colonialism, and how Western perceptions shape the interpretation of Sino-African cooperation.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How does the paper respond to the criticism that China is practicing neo-colonialism in Africa?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"It argues that claims of China invading Africa and practicing neo-colonialism are speculation or Sinophobia, contrasting China’s role with the West’s influential history on the continent.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What analytical angle does the paper use to evaluate China’s role in Africa?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"It provides theoretical analysis of China’s enthusiastic involvement and contribution to international aid operations, alongside its presence and contributions in Africa.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]