[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-318433-105":59,"doc-detail-318433-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","criticism-note","Criticism Note","","A structured overview of major literary criticism traditions, mapping their historical development and core assumptions. The text summarizes moral and dramatic construction approaches, then focuses on Formalism and its insistence on intrinsic textual features over extrinsic social or ethical readings. It also explains the rationale for New Criticism in instruction and outlines influential scholars. A substantial section introduces psychoanalytic criticism, detailing unconscious motives, developmental stages, repression, defenses, and Freud’s concepts of id, ego, superego, including the Oedipus complex.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/criticism-note/318433/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/criticism-note/318433.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ivy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What distinguishes Formalism from extrinsic criticism?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Formalism argues that understanding a text depends primarily on qualities within the text itself. It reacts against approaches that treat the work mainly as a product of social and historical forces or as an ethical document.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why are New Critical theories still used in education?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"New Critical ideas continue to be applied in secondary and college-level instruction in literature and writing, even though Formalism is largely less used in academic scholarship.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does psychoanalytic criticism explain human behavior and meaning in texts?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Psychoanalytic criticism builds on Freudian psychology by linking behavior to unconscious desires, fears, needs, and conflicts. It explains how childhood experiences shape development and how repression and defenses influence outcomes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},318433,1790057512,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},549758252649,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819","􀁸 Moral Criticism, Dramatic Construction (~360 BC-present)  \n􀁸 Formalism, New Criticism, Neo-Aristotelian Criticism (1 930s-present)  \n􀁸 Psychoanalytic Criticism, Jungian Criticism(1 930s-present)  \n􀁸 Marxist Criticism (1 930s-present)  \n􀁸 Reader-Response Criticism (1 960s-present)  \n􀁸 Structuralism/Semiotics (1 920s-present)  \n􀁸 Post-Structuralism/Deconstruction (1 966-present)  \n􀁸 New Historicism/Cultural Studies (1 980s-present)  \n􀁸 Post-Colonial Criticism (1 990s-present)  \n􀁸 Feminist Criticism (1 960s-present)  \n􀁸 Gender/Queer Studies (1 970s-present)  \n􀁸 Formalism (1 930s-present)  \nForm Fo lows Function: Russian Formalism, New Criticism, Neo-Aristotelianism  \nFormalists disagreed about what specific elements make a literary work \"good\" or \"bad\"; but generally, Formalism maintains that a literary work contains certain intrinsic features, and the theory \"...defined and addressed the specifically literary qualities in the text \" (Richter 699) . Therefore, it 's easy to see Formalism's relation to Aristotle's theories of dramatic construction.  \nFormalism attempts to treat each work as its own distinct piece, free from its environment, era, and even author. This point of view developed in reaction to \"...forms of 'extrinsic' criticism that viewed the text as either the product of social and historical forces or a document making an ethical statement \" (699) . Formalists assume that the keys to understanding a text exist within \"the text itself, \" (... \"the battle cry of the New Critical effort... \" and thus focus a great deal on, you guessed it, form (Tyson 1 1 8) .  \nFor the most part, Formalism is no longer used in the academy. However, New Critical theories are still used in secondary and college level instruction in literature and even writing (Tyson 1 1 5) .  \nHere is a list of scholars we encourage you to explore to further your understanding of this theory:  \nRussian Formalism  \n􀁸 Victor Shklovsky  \n􀁸 Roman Jakobson  \n􀁸 Victor Erlich-Russian Formalism: History-Doctrine, 1 955  \n􀁸 Yuri Tynyanov  \nNew Criticism  \n􀁸 John Crowe Ransom-The New Criticism, 1 938  \n􀁸 I.A. Richards  \n􀁸 William Empson  \n􀁸 T.S. Eliot  \n􀁸 Allen Tate  \n􀁸 Cleanth Brooks  \nNeo-Aristotelianism (Chicago School of Criticism)  \n􀁸 R.S. Crane-Critics and Criticism: Ancient and Modern, 1 952  \n􀁸 Elder Olson  \n􀁸 Norman Maclean  \n􀁸 W. R. Keast  \n􀁸 Wayne C. Booth-The Rhetoric of Fiction, 1 961 Psychoanalytic Criticism (1 930s-present)  \nSigmund Freud  \nPsychoanalytic criticism builds on Freudian theories of psychology. While we don't have the room here to discuss all of Freud's work, a general overview is necessary to explain psychoanalytic literary criticism.  \nThe Unconscious, the Desires, and the Defenses  \nFreud began his psychoanalytic work in the 1 880s while attempting to treat behavioral disorders in his Viennese patients. He dubbed the disorders 'hysteria' and began treating them by listening to his patients talk through their problems. Based on this work, Freud asserted that people's behavior is affected by their unconscious: \"...the notion that human beings are motivated, even driven, by desires, fears, needs, and conflicts of which they are unaware... \" (Tyson 1 4-1 5) .  \nFreud believed that our unconscious was influenced by childhood events. Freud organized these events into developmental stages involving relationships with parents and drives of desire and pleasure where children focus \"...on different parts of the body... starting with the mouth... shifting to the oral, anal, and phallic phases... \" (Richter 1 01 5) . These stages reflect base levels of desire, but they also involve fear of loss (loss of genitals, loss of affection from parents, loss of life) and repression: \"...the expunging from consciousness of these unhappy psychological events\" (Tyson 1 5) .  \nTyson reminds us, however, that \"... repression doesn't eliminate our painful experiencesand emotions...we unconsciously behave in ways that will allow us to 'play out '...our confl","cbCaieAKsnXogTMh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieAKsnXogTMh","pdf",1114406,55,"English","# Major Schools of Criticism\n## Formalism, New Criticism, Neo-Aristotelian Criticism\n## Psychoanalytic Criticism\n## The Unconscious, Desires, and Defenses\n## Id, Ego, and Superego\n## Oedipus Complex","[{\"question\":\"What distinguishes Formalism from extrinsic criticism?\",\"answer\":\"Formalism argues that understanding a text depends primarily on qualities within the text itself. It reacts against approaches that treat the work mainly as a product of social and historical forces or as an ethical document.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are New Critical theories still used in education?\",\"answer\":\"New Critical ideas continue to be applied in secondary and college-level instruction in literature and writing, even though Formalism is largely less used in academic scholarship.\"},{\"question\":\"How does psychoanalytic criticism explain human behavior and meaning in texts?\",\"answer\":\"Psychoanalytic criticism builds on Freudian psychology by linking behavior to unconscious desires, fears, needs, and conflicts. It explains how childhood experiences shape development and how repression and defenses influence outcomes.\"}]","Criticism Note | PDF",1789940320,85]