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Challenges in obtaining licensure perpetuate professional inequities, making clinical supervision a social justice concern for the profession. The paper examines clinical supervision in relation to the social work regulation system, the functions of supervision, factors shaping supervision, and practical recommendations including research emphasis, curriculum leadership, cost-reduction strategies, and supervisor training.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/critical-reflections-on-clinical-supervision-a-social-justice-issue-for-social-workers/329839/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/critical-reflections-on-clinical-supervision-a-social-justice-issue-for-social-workers/329839.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Blitz","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is clinical supervision important for social workers in the context of licensure?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Clinical supervision is described as a central experience for social workers and part of the clinical licensure process, helping prepare competent practice. Because it is tied to licensure, it is positioned as a key mechanism for supporting equity and inclusion.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What inequities are highlighted in the clinical licensing exam process?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The text reports racial differences in pass rates for first-time test takers and eventual pass rates. It also notes the ASWB acknowledged racial bias in its exams, contributing to concerns about denial of licensure opportunities for social workers of color.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What recommendations are proposed to address social justice issues in clinical supervision?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Recommendations include increasing emphasis on social work research, adding leadership and supervision curricula in schools of social work, reducing the costs of supervision, and implementing supervisor training.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},329839,1790370679,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},24464137899374,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Critical Reflections on Clinical Supervision:  \nA Social Justice Issue for Social Workers  \nInger Christensen  \nAbstract: Clinical supervision, a central experience for social workers, is a requirement for clinical licensure in all 50 states, making it an essential component of social work practice. Clinical licensure indicates a higher level of expertise and provides more job opportunities and a higher professional status for social workers. When social workers encounter challenges to obtaining clinical licensure, professional inequities are perpetuated. This is a social justice issue for the social work profession. This paper explores clinical supervision in the context of clinical licensure. A discussion of the social work regulation system, functions of supervision, and factors influencing clinical supervision is presented. Recommendations for addressing social justice in clinical supervision are identified, including more emphasis on social work research, inclusion of leadership and supervision curricula in schools of social work, strategies to reduce costs of supervision, and implementation of supervisor training.  \nKeywords: Clinical supervision, clinical licensure, social work regulation, clinical social work practice, social justice  \nSix core values guide social work practice: service, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, competency, and social justice. For social workers, the value of social justice is foundational when engaging with clients, communities, and society (National Association of Social Workers [NASW], 2021) . However, while striving for social change in society, the profession has also neglected injustices within its membership.  \nThe United States has faced a reckoning of its history of racism and oppression, forcing people and institutions to acknowledge, address, and change oppressive practices. The social work profession is not immune to this reckoning. The profession has historically been primarily White and female. A recent survey of new social workers shows that the profession remains predominantly female (Salsberg et al., 2020). Although the majority of new social workers are White, they are increasingly diverse in race and ethnic identities (Salsberg et al., 2020) .  \nThe social work profession ensures that social workers are properly trained and competent to practice through regulation by state licensing boards. Regulating social work practice protects the public by setting practice standards (Reay et al., 2022) . Clinical licensure is a part of the regulatory process to ensure competent social workers (Nienow et al., 2023) . Today, licensure has become nearly universal for social workers (Grise-Owenset al., 2016) . Requirements for clinical licensure vary by each state’s licensing board. However, commonalities across jurisdictions in all states include graduating from an accredited university, supervised post-graduate work, and passing a clinical licensing examination (Donaldson et al., 2014; Morrow, 2022; Reay et al., 2022).  \nIn the United States, every state uses the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) clinical licensing exam. The ASWB (2024) explains that regulation through licensing examinations ensures that a social worker has the knowledge and practice competencies necessary for safe practice. Taking and passing the ASWB clinical licensing exam is the final step to obtain clinical licensure. According to ASWB (2022b), in 2021, 63% of clinical licensing test takers were White. This same group also had the highest pass rate for first-time test takers at 83.9% and an overall eventual pass rate of 90.7%(ASWB, 2022b) . In comparison, Black social workers had a 45% pass rate for first-time test takers, Native Americans 62.9%, Hispanic/Latino 65.1%, Asian 72%, and muti-racial social workers 79.9%(ASWB, 2022b). Eventual pass rates followed this same trend (ASWB, 2022b) . The ASWB recently acknowledged racial bias in its exams (ASWB, 2022a) . These","cbCaijf4bqI5Ch81","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijf4bqI5Ch81","pdf",324868,18,"English","# Critical Reflections on Clinical Supervision: A Social Justice Issue for Social Workers\n## Abstract\n## Keywords\n## Core Values and Social Justice Foundations\n## Racism and Representation in the Profession\n## Licensing and Regulatory Requirements\n## ASWB Exam Outcomes and Racial Bias\n## Need for Systemic Change in Licensure and Supervision\n## Problem Statement\n## Role of Supervision in Equity and Inclusion","[{\"question\":\"Why is clinical supervision important for social workers in the context of licensure?\",\"answer\":\"Clinical supervision is described as a central experience for social workers and part of the clinical licensure process, helping prepare competent practice. Because it is tied to licensure, it is positioned as a key mechanism for supporting equity and inclusion.\"},{\"question\":\"What inequities are highlighted in the clinical licensing exam process?\",\"answer\":\"The text reports racial differences in pass rates for first-time test takers and eventual pass rates. It also notes the ASWB acknowledged racial bias in its exams, contributing to concerns about denial of licensure opportunities for social workers of color.\"},{\"question\":\"What recommendations are proposed to address social justice issues in clinical supervision?\",\"answer\":\"Recommendations include increasing emphasis on social work research, adding leadership and supervision curricula in schools of social work, reducing the costs of supervision, and implementing supervisor training.\"}]","Critical Reflections on Clinical Supervision - A Social Justice Issue for Social Workers | PDF",1789985765,45]