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The study examined criterion validity in a large longitudinal sample by assessing language and preliteracy outcomes not previously tested. Early Head Start providers administered ECI quarterly, while researchers administered criterion tests at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months. Findings showed communicative proficiency increases with age, with relationships varying by ECI scale, age, and criterion measure. Single and multiple words related most strongly to later-age criteria, while gestures and vocalizations showed negative associations, and implications for research and practice were discussed.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/criterion-validity-of-the-early-communication-indicator-for-infants-and-toddlers/592853/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/criterion-validity-of-the-early-communication-indicator-for-infants-and-toddlers/592853.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Marglet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the Early Communication Indicator (ECI) used for?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The ECI is a progress-monitoring measure designed to support intervention decisions for infants and toddlers.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were criterion tests administered in the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"ECI was administered quarterly by Early Head Start providers, and researchers gave language and early literacy criterion tests when children were 12, 24, 36, and 48 months old.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which ECI skills showed the strongest positive relationships with criterion measures?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The strongest positive patterns were between single-word and multiple-word skills and the criterion at older ages.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592853,1792192191,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336477982702,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Criterion Validity of the Early Communication Indicator for Infants and Toddlers  \nCharles R. Greenwood, PhD 1, Jay Buzhardt, PhD 1,  \nDale Walker, PhD 1, Fan Jia, PhD 1, and Judith J. Carta, PhD 1  \nAssessment for Effective Intervention 2020, Vol. 45(4) 298–310  \n© Hammill Institute on Disabilities 2019 Article reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/1534508418824154](DOI: 10.1177/1534508418824154)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/1534508418824154)[aei.sagepub.com](aei.sagepub.com)  \nAbstract  \nThe Early Communication Indicator (ECI) is a progress monitoring measure designed to support intervention decisions of the home visitors and early educators who serve infants and toddlers. The present study sought to add to the criterion validity claims of the ECI in a large sample of children using measures of language and preliteracy not previously investigated. Early Head Start service providers administered and scored ECIs quarterly for infants and toddlers in their caseload as part of standard services. In addition, a battery of language and early literacy criterion tests were administered by researchers when children were 12, 24, 36, and 48 months of age. Analyses of this longitudinal data then examined concurrent and predictive correlational patterns. Results indicated that children grew in communicative proficiency with age, and weak to moderately strong patterns of relationship emerged that differed by ECI scale, age, and criterion measure. The strongest positive patterns of relationships were between Single Words and Multiple Words and the criterion at older ages. Gestures and Vocalizations established a pattern of negative relationships to the criterion measures. Implications for research and practice are discussed.  \nKeywords  \nearly childhood, language, progress monitoring  \nLanguage and social communication are desired outcomesin early childhood (Priest et al., 2001) . Communication and language skills enable children to express their wants and needs, and they are predictive of young children’s emergent literacy skills in preschool and subsequent success learning to read in school (e.g., NICHD Early Child Care Research Network, 2005; Shanahan & Lonigan, 2008) . This knowledge is reflected broadly in the expected outcome goals of early intervention programs serving young children (National Early Childhood Accountability Task Force, 2007) . Communication outcomes are expected by IDEA Part C programs serving infants and toddlers with developmental delays and disabilities (ECO Center, 2011; Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act, 2004), and language and literacy are school readiness goals for infants and toddlers served by Early Head Start (Early Head Start National Resource Center, 2012) . As a recommended practice (Division for Early Childhood, 2014;“Frameworks for Response to Intervention in Early Childhood: Description and Implications,” 2014), programs and practitioners are increasingly expected to use children’s individual performance data to monitor progress, guide provision of the intervention services they receive, and report results for the children and families  \nserved. Thus, the validity evidence of measures used to inform these decisions are highly important.  \nCurrently, few progress monitoring measures of growth in early expressive language skills are available to infant/ toddler service providers to support this kind of individualization and program accountability (Akers et al., 2015; Greenwood, Carta, & McConnell, 2011) . Compared with traditional assessment (Caesar & Kohler, 2008), progress measurement is focused on the growth in children’s performance based on frequent, brief assessments of a few targeted skills that estimate individual children’s proficiency at specific points in time as well as the rate of improvement over time (Fuchs & Deno, 1991) . Progress monitoring measures are specifically designed for ","cbCaikb2BeqCKZU2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikb2BeqCKZU2","pdf",420301,13,"English","# Abstract\n## Study purpose and design\n## Key results by ECI scale and criterion measure\n## Interpretive implications","[{\"question\":\"What is the Early Communication Indicator (ECI) used for?\",\"answer\":\"The ECI is a progress-monitoring measure designed to support intervention decisions for infants and toddlers.\"},{\"question\":\"How were criterion tests administered in the study?\",\"answer\":\"ECI was administered quarterly by Early Head Start providers, and researchers gave language and early literacy criterion tests when children were 12, 24, 36, and 48 months old.\"},{\"question\":\"Which ECI skills showed the strongest positive relationships with criterion measures?\",\"answer\":\"The strongest positive patterns were between single-word and multiple-word skills and the criterion at older ages.\"}]","Criterion Validity of the Early Communication Indicator for Infants and Toddlers | PDF",1792075951,33]