[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-600146-105":59,"doc-detail-600146-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","creating-new-3d-forms-in-collaborative-product-design","Creating New 3D Forms in Collaborative Product Design","","Collaborative design requires teams to communicate and make ideas visible and verbal to build shared understanding. In this exploratory case study, nine students across interior, product, and graphic design participated in a workshop on 3D modelling, then redesigned a detergent-bottle form. Research used video recordings and sketches to track process progress and group differences. Findings show new 3D forms emerged through intensive reformulation, where constraints drove co-evolution toward balanced changes in problem and solution spaces.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/creating-new-3d-forms-in-collaborative-product-design/600146/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/creating-new-3d-forms-in-collaborative-product-design/600146.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"nayy☆","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the study’s focus in collaborative product design?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study analyzes problem–solution co-evolution in student teams as they develop a new 3D form of a detergent bottle.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the research data collected and analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Video recordings and sketches were collected, and analysis examined design-process progress as well as differences among the groups.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the study say about how new 3D forms are created?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"New 3D forms were produced through intensive reformulation, including setting new problem expressions or modifying existing ones under task constraints.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600146,1792192198,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},962090893153,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Creating new 3D forms in collaborative product design  \nWeishu Yang, University of Helsinki, Finland & Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, China  \nHenna Lahti, University of Helsinki, Finland  \nPirita Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, University of Helsinki, Finland  \nAbstract  \nIn collaborative design settings, designers communicate and explicate their ideas visually and verbally in order to reach a shared understanding. The verbal exchanges of group members engaged in a joint design task provide rich data regarding the design activities being undertaken by the group members. In addition, sketching and modelling are recognized as essential for designers to examine and produce design ideas at the very beginning of a re-design process. This exploratory case study focuses on collaborative design activities and problem–solution coevolution among the various design disciplines that students engage in during their product design processes. Nine students from three design disciplines (interior design, product design, and graphic design) participated in a workshop providing knowledge about 3D modelling, following which they undertook a re-design task to develop a new 3D form of a detergent bottle. The research data consisted of video recordings and sketches, and the analysis focused on the progress of the design processes and the differences between the groups. The results highlight that the creation of new 3D forms was based on intensive reformulation activities such as setting new problem expressions or modifying existing ones. This kind of re-design task, which presented constraints in terms of developing a new 3D form within the prescribed requirements, served as a good exercise through which to practice co-evolution because it drove the design activities towards a balance of transitions in the problem and solution spaces.  \nKeywords  \nco-evolution; collaborative design; problem-solving; product design; sketching; 3D model  \nIntroduction  \nThe main purpose of teaching art and design is to enable students to learn domain-general and domain-specific knowledge as well as apply practical skills related to the art and design field, through which students’ enthusiasm, participation, and professional skill can be extended. All design students perform some type of design activity, such as improving a production process, developing functions, planning a project, or creating new forms. Current design education highlights that sketching and digital as well as manual model-making are essential creative design skills. Graduating designers must have a solid understanding of the design process and should be able to apply these skills in a variety of situations.  \nIn the last few decades, as digital design applications have emerged and been absorbed into design practice, they have been recognized as a technology of enormous potential for design (Wu et al., 2012; Ye et al., 2008) . Therefore, 3D modelling and rapid prototyping skills have become essential techniques in design education. Various modelling techniques, such as the application of curved surface modelling software (e.g., SolidWorks), direct the vision of design as continuous and integrated processes of ideation and construction. Thus, from the very  \nbeginning of a product’s appearance development, designing is focused on creating and developing design ideas that are given an initial 3D form. Designers make sketches not just to record an idea but also to help generate it, and sketches are central to the emergence of new thoughts (Menezes & Lawson, 2006) . Therefore, ideation involving the visualization of design ideas plays a crucial role and represents a critical aspect of collaborative designing: Proposed and externalized design ideas might provide external stimuli for the emergence of new ideas within a team, which can become objects of shared discussion and evaluation. Nik Ahmad Ariffet al. (2012) described this cognitive process during sketching as an exploration, interpretation, and","cbCaic0wcfzIUNq2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic0wcfzIUNq2","pdf",885511,"English","# Introduction\n## Background\n### The co-evolutionary model of the design process","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s focus in collaborative product design?\",\"answer\":\"The study analyzes problem–solution co-evolution in student teams as they develop a new 3D form of a detergent bottle.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the research data collected and analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Video recordings and sketches were collected, and analysis examined design-process progress as well as differences among the groups.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the study say about how new 3D forms are created?\",\"answer\":\"New 3D forms were produced through intensive reformulation, including setting new problem expressions or modifying existing ones under task constraints.\"}]","Creating New 3D Forms in Collaborative Product Design | PDF",1792090121]