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The framework is illustrated through a Rhode Island state policy example, then assessed for its potential utility to policymakers.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/creating-high-leverage-policies-a-new-framework-to-support-policy-development/594751/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/creating-high-leverage-policies-a-new-framework-to-support-policy-development/594751.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Ben ","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":33},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What is the High Leverage Policy (HLP) framework, and what problem does it address?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The HLP framework is a research-based model for understanding how education policies are formulated and implemented. It addresses how states can create policies that improve secondary school capacity and student outcomes, including closing achievement gaps.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"Which three areas does the HLP framework ask policymakers to focus on?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"The framework identifies (1) the policy-to-practice lever, (2) design features of the policy, and (3) contingencies for implementation.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How does the paper illustrate the HLP framework’s application?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"It illustrates the framework using an example of state policy development and execution in Rhode Island, showing how the model can guide analysis and policy construction.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},594751,1792175306,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":33,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336478951081,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","UC Berkeley  \nBerkeley Review of Education  \nTitle  \nCreating High Leverage Policies: A New Framework to Support Policy Development  \nPermalink  \n[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1cd044n1](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1cd044n1)  \nJournal  \nBerkeley Review of Education, 4(2)  \nISSN  \n1947-5578  \nAuthors  \nCobb, Casey D.  \nDonaldson, Morgaen L.  \nMayer, Anysia P.  \nPublication Date  \n2013-01-01  \nPeer reviewed  \n[eScholarship.org](eScholarship.org) Powered by the California Digital Library  \nUniversity of California  \nAvailable online at [http://escholarship.org/uc/ucbgse_bre](http://escholarship.org/uc/ucbgse_bre)  \nCreating High Leverage Policies: A New Framework to Support Policy Development  \nCasey D. Cobb,a1 Morgaen L. Donaldson,a and Anysia P. Mayerb  \na University of Connecticut  \nb California State University, Stanislaus  \nAbstract  \nIn this paper we describe the development and application of a research-based model for understanding the formulation and implementation of education policy. We draw upon research on policy implementation across a variety of contexts to create what we call the “high leverage policy” (HLP) framework. The HLP framework identifies three specific areas policy makers should attend to: the policy-to-practice lever, design features of the policy, and contingencies for implementation. These three elements are connected by an explicit theory-of-action that describes the policy’s intentions and how it will play out in practice. We illustrate the application of the HLP framework using an example of state policy development and execution in Rhode Island. Finally, we conclude by discussing the framework’s potential utility to policy makers.  \nKey Words: educational policy, equity, student performance, education, policy studies  \nIn recent years, calls for improving the quality of U.S. schools have increased. According to numerous international studies, students from a range of countries outperform U.S. students on a variety of assessments. The differences are particularly prominent at the high school level. On the 2009 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), U.S. fifteen-year-olds scored lower in mathematics, on average, than 17 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries (Fleischman, Hopstock, Pelczar, & Shelley, 2010) . In science and reading literacy, U.S. fifteen-year-olds scored lower than 12 and 6 countries, respectively. While U.S. students perform less well, on average, than students in many other industrialized nations, even more alarming is the large achievement gap between high-income, White, and Asian American students on the one hand, and low-income, African American, and Latino students on the other (Fleischman et al., 2010) .  \nIn 2009, the newly formed New England Secondary School Consortium (NESSC) asked us2 to examine how state and local policies might reverse these trends in student performance. We were guided by two central questions: 1) How can states create policies to increase secondary schools ’capacity to provide deep learning opportunities leading all students to achieve at high levels?, 2) What policies are most likely to achieve these  \n1 Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: Casey Cobb, Department of Educational Leadership, Neag School of Education, University of Connecticut, 249 Glenbrook Road Unit 3093, Storrs, 2 This group of researchers from the UConn Center for Education Policy Analysis included the authors of this article and Dr. Richard Lemons.  \nBerkeley Review of Education Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 265-284  \n266 Cobb, Donaldson, & Mayer  \ngoals? To answer these questions, we drew on research in education policy, school reform, organizational change, leadership development, and program evaluation. Our work led to deeper understandings of why some policies seem to work and others fail and the conditions associated with those outcomes. We translated this understanding into a research-based model, which we cal","cbCaieXdFgvD1ZxC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieXdFgvD1ZxC","pdf",435840,21,"English","# Abstract\n# Background and problem framing\n# Research questions and approach\n# Origins of the HLP framework","[{\"question\":\"What is the High Leverage Policy (HLP) framework, and what problem does it address?\",\"answer\":\"The HLP framework is a research-based model for understanding how education policies are formulated and implemented. It addresses how states can create policies that improve secondary school capacity and student outcomes, including closing achievement gaps.\"},{\"question\":\"Which three areas does the HLP framework ask policymakers to focus on?\",\"answer\":\"The framework identifies (1) the policy-to-practice lever, (2) design features of the policy, and (3) contingencies for implementation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper illustrate the HLP framework’s application?\",\"answer\":\"It illustrates the framework using an example of state policy development and execution in Rhode Island, showing how the model can guide analysis and policy construction.\"}]","Creating High Leverage Policies - A New Framework to Support Policy Development | PDF",1792079775,53]