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It reviews assessed mechanisms linking climate to disorder and violence, identifies internal and external factors that influence climate, and summarizes how school climate can be improved through sustained programs and policies. 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2018  \nNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE  \nREPORT  \nCreating and Sustaining a Positive and Communal School Climate: Contemporary Research, Present Obstacles, and Future Directions  \nALLISON ANN PAYNE, PH.D. VILLANOVA UNIVERSITY  \nNCJ 250209  \nNIJ’s Comprehensive School Safety Initiative  \nThe Comprehensive School Safety Initiative (CSSI) is a research-focused initiative that brings together the nation’s best minds to increase the safety of schools nationwide. The initiative was a response to disturbing, high-profile incidents of school violence. Schools are mostly safe places—but when violence does occur, it can have far-reaching ramifications. CSSI is an investment in developing knowledge about the root causes of school violence, developing strategies for increasing school safety, and rigorously evaluating innovative school safety strategies through pilot programs.  \nCSSI projects aim to:  \n1) Identify and understand the potential root causes and consequences of school violence and its impact on school safety.  \n2) Increase the safety of schools nationwide by developing a solid foundation of knowledge and best practices that can be sustainably implemented through individualized school safety programs, policies, and activities.  \n3) Help identify matters internal and external to the school that may result in harm to students, teachers, staff, and schools.  \n4) Implement programs, policies, and practices that improve school safety and climate, focus on the school environment, or enhance educational and other outcomes for students and schools.  \n5) Identify effective strategies to respond to and resolve safety issues faced by schools and students.  \n6) In collaboration with key partners from education, law enforcement, behavioral/mental health, and social work, develop and test a comprehensive framework for school safety.  \nThe initiative is focused on K-12 public schools, including public charter schools. CSSI projects require close collaborations between educators, researchers, and other stakeholders in the school community to ask the right questions, prioritize challenges, identify solutions, collect data, and make sense of the findings.  \nThrough projects funded under the CSSI, NIJ works to produce knowledge that can be applied to school safety across the nation and for years to come. For more detailed information on the initiative see [NIJ.ojp.gov](NIJ.ojp.gov), keyword: CSSI.  \nU.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs  \n810 Seventh St. N.W.  \nWashington, DC 20531  \nDavid B. Muhlhausen, Ph. D.  \nDirector, National Institute of Justice  \nThis and other publications and products of the National Institute of Justice can be found at: National Institute of Justice  \nStrengthen Science • Advance Justice [NIJ.ojp.gov](NIJ.ojp.gov)  \nOffice of Justice Programs  \nBuilding Solutions • Supporting Communities • Advancing Justice [OJP.gov](OJP.gov)  \nThe National Institute of Justice is the research, development, and evaluation agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. NIJ’s mission is to advance scientific research, development, and evaluation to enhance the administration of justice and public safety.  \nThe National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance; the Bureau of Justice Statistics; the Office for Victims of Crime; the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; and the Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking.  \nOpinions or conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.  \nNational [Institute of Justice](Institute of Justice | NIJ.ojp.gov)[ | NIJ.ojp.gov](Institute of Justice | NIJ.ojp.gov)  \nTable of Contents  \nExecutive Summary ............................................","cbCaiuvL3G4vCqAj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuvL3G4vCqAj","pdf",618863,"English","# Executive Summary\n# Introduction\n# What Is School Climate?\n# How Is School Climate Assessed?\n# What Are the Outcomes Associated With School Climate?\n# How Does School Climate Lead to These Outcomes?\n# What Influences School Climate?\n# How Can School Climate Be Improved?\n# Recommendations\n# Conclusion\n# References","[{\"question\":\"What is the report’s main focus regarding school climate and school safety?\",\"answer\":\"The report focuses on how school climate relates to safety and educational outcomes, summarizing research evidence, barriers, and future directions for improvement.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the initiative described in the report support school safety work?\",\"answer\":\"It aims to identify root causes and consequences of school violence, develop sustainable best practices, and evaluate innovative strategies through collaborative projects.\"},{\"question\":\"Which schools are targeted by the research initiative?\",\"answer\":\"The initiative is focused on K-12 public schools, including public charter schools.\"}]","Creating and Sustaining a Positive and Communal School Climate - Contemporary Research, Present Obstacles, and Future Directions | PDF",1792054751,76]