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A retrospective comparison evaluated maxillary bone graft reconstruction versus titanium mesh, assessing TOF defect size, operative time, and complications. Between 2006 and 2021, 389 patients with 426 TOF defects were treated by a single surgeon, with fewer complications in the autogenous bone graft group.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/craniofacial-repair-of-orbital-floor-fractures-using-maxillary-bone-grafts/442839/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/craniofacial-repair-of-orbital-floor-fractures-using-maxillary-bone-grafts/442839.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dhado","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the purpose of the study on traumatic orbital floor defects?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study aimed to evaluate maxillary bone grafts as a favorable option for reconstructing traumatic orbital floor (TOF) defects.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were maxillary bone grafts compared with titanium mesh?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Patients undergoing TOF repair with maxillary bone grafts versus titanium mesh were assessed retrospectively for defect size, operative time, and complications.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What did the results show about complications and operative time?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Fewer complications were observed with autogenous maxillary bone grafts (10%) compared with titanium mesh (18%). Operative time was marginally higher with bone grafts (35.9 vs 29.2 minutes).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},442839,1790762866,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},5909893218464,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Original artiCle   \nCraniofacial  \nRepair of Orbital Floor Fractures Using Maxillary Bone Grafts  \nAdam H. Khan, BSc*  \nSophia Vaz, BSc†  \nAlexander Fabian, BSc‡ Mohammed M. Elahi, MD, MSc, FRCSC§¶∥  \nBackground: This study aimed to present maxillary bone grafts as a favorable option for the reconstruction of traumatic orbital floor (TOF) defects.  \nMethods: The senior author’s preferred surgical technique using a transconjunctival incision is described. Patients undergoing TOF repair using maxillary bone grafts versus titanium mesh were then assessed retrospectively, with a focus on the size of the TOF defect, operative time, and complications.  \nResults: A total of 389 patients presented with 426 TOF defects to a single surgeon between 2006 and 2021. Maxillary bone grafts were used to repair the orbital floor fracture in 304 patients (332 fractures), whereas the remaining 85 patients (94 fractures) were repaired using titanium mesh. There were no significant differences in age or sex. Orbital defect size was slightly higher in the titanium mesh group (bone graft group: mean 1.58 cm2, range 0.29–2.91 cm2; titanium mesh group: mean 1.74 cm2, range 0.38–2.98 cm2) . There were fewer complications observed when using the autogenous bone graft substrate (10%) versus titanium mesh (18%) . No major donor-site complications were documented in the bone graft group. Operative time was marginally higher in the bone graft group than in the titanium mesh group (35.9 versus 29.2 min) .  \nConclusions: This study serves as the largest clinical series to date examining indications, surgical technique, safety, and efficacy of maxillary bone grafts in TOF repairs. Maxillary bone grafts represent a viable option to be considered in the armamentarium of the craniofacial surgeon for the treatment of TOFs. (Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2026;14:e7380; doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000007380; Published online 6 January 2026.)  \nINTRODUCTION  \nTraumatic orbital floor (TOF) defects are a consequence of craniofacial trauma and can cause considerable functional and aesthetic impairment. These defects are relatively common, making up approximately 40% of all trauma to the periorbital region and 15% of craniomaxillofacial fractures.1–3 Disruption of the delicate structures within the orbital floor can cause diplopia, enophthalmos, restriction of extraocular motility,  \nFrom the *Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; †Western University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ‡University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;  \n§Clinical Adjunct Faculty, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and ¶Department of Surgery, Scarborough Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and ∥Toronto Institute of Plastic Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Received for publication July 12, 2025; accepted November 3, 2025. Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Plastic Surgeons. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.  \nDOI: 10. 1097/GOX.0000000000007380  \ncompression of the optic nerve, and infraorbital nerve dysesthesia.2,4–7 Prompt and effective reconstructive surgery is critical to prevent long-term complications and to restore the patient’s appearance and ocular function. This involves repositioning the orbital contents, including the release of any entrapped extraocular muscle or soft tissue and providing structural support to the bony orbit.1,8–13  \nThe material used for reconstruction should meet specific criteria: it should be nonreactive, radiopaque, and easily positioned; provide good structural support; and be readily accessible.8,9, 14–18 Substrate materials a","cbCainP24oTgVHOd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainP24oTgVHOd","pdf",1626260,"English","# Background\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the study on traumatic orbital floor defects?\",\"answer\":\"The study aimed to evaluate maxillary bone grafts as a favorable option for reconstructing traumatic orbital floor (TOF) defects.\"},{\"question\":\"How were maxillary bone grafts compared with titanium mesh?\",\"answer\":\"Patients undergoing TOF repair with maxillary bone grafts versus titanium mesh were assessed retrospectively for defect size, operative time, and complications.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results show about complications and operative time?\",\"answer\":\"Fewer complications were observed with autogenous maxillary bone grafts (10%) compared with titanium mesh (18%). Operative time was marginally higher with bone grafts (35.9 vs 29.2 minutes).\"}]","Craniofacial Repair of Orbital Floor Fractures Using Maxillary Bone Grafts | PDF",1790701840,23]