[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-123943-en":3,"doc-seo-123943-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},123943,5909877438554,"Maeve","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/5600025385ad2bf12a7?_k=1778553567797529272",8,"Research & Report","COVID-19 Infection Wave Mortality from Surveillance Data in The Philippines Using Machine Learning","The Philippines experienced multiple COVID-19 infection waves driven by distinct SARS-CoV-2 strains and variants. This study used machine learning to describe COVID-19 outcomes by infection wave. A cross-sectional surveillance data review was conducted using the DOH COVID Data Drop dataset as of September 24, 2022, dividing cases into ancestral (A0), Alpha/Beta (AB), Delta (D), and Omicron (O) time intervals. The dataset included 3,896,206 cases, with 98.39% recovered and 1.61% deaths; CFR extremes occurred in the ancestral wave (2.49) and Omicron wave (0.61%).","COVID-19 Infection Wave Mortality from Surveillance Data in The Philippines Using Machine Learning  \nKematian Gelombang Infeksi COVID-19 dari Data Surveilans di Filipina Menggunakan Pembelajaran Mesin  \nJulius R. Migriño Jr*1, 4, Ani R. U. Batangan2 , Rizal M. R. Abello3  \n1, 2, 3 College of Medicine, San Beda University, Manila, Philippines  \n4 School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Pasig, Philippines  \nAbstract  \nThe Philippines had several COVID-19 infection waves brought about by different strains and variants of SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to describe COVID-19 outcomes by infection waves using machine learning. A cross-sectional surveillance data review design was employed using the DOH COVID Data Drop dataset as of September 24, 2022. The predominant variant(s) of concern divided the dataset into time intervals representing the infection waves: ancestral (A0), Alpha/Beta (AB), Delta (D), and Omicron (O) . Descriptive statistics and machine learning models were generated from each infection. The final data set consisted of 3,896,206 cases wherein 98.39% of cases recovered while 1.61% died. The highest and lowest CFR was observed during the ancestral wave (2 .49) and the Omicron wave (0 .61%), respectively. In all four data sets, higher age groups had higher CFRs, and F-score and specificity were highest using naïve Bayes. Area under the curve (AUC) was highest in the naïve Bayes models for the A0, AB and D models, while sensitivity was highest in the decision tree models for the A0, AB and O models. The ancestral, Alpha/Beta and Delta variants seem to have similar transmission and mortality profiles, while the Omicron variant caused lesser deaths despite increased transmissibility.  \nAbstrak  \nFilipina memiliki beberapa gelombang infeksi COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh strain dan varian SARS-CoV-2 yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan hasil COVID-19 berdasarkan gelombang infeksi menggunakan pembelajaranmesin. Desain tinjauan data surveilans cross-sectional digunakan dengan menggunakan set data DOH COVID Data Drop pada 24 September 2022. Varian utama yang menjadi perhatian membagi dataset ke dalam interval waktu yang mewakili gelombang infeksi: leluhur (A0), Alpha/Beta (AB), Delta (D), dan Omicron (O) . Statistik deskriptif dan model pembelajaran mesin dihasilkandari setiap infeksi. Kumpulan data akhir terdiri dari 3.896.206 kasus di mana 98,39% kasus sembuh dan 1,61% meninggal. CFR tertinggi dan terendah diamati selama gelombang leluhur (2,49) dan gelombang Omicron (0,61%) . Pada keempat set data, kelompok usia yang lebih tinggi memiliki CFR yang lebih tinggi, dan skor-F dan spesifisitas tertinggi menggunakan naïve Bayes. Area di bawah kurva (AUC) tertinggi dalam model naïve Bayes untuk model A0, AB dan D, sementara sensitivitas tertinggi dalam model pohon keputusan untuk model A0, AB dan O. Varian leluhur, Alpha/Beta dan Delta tampaknya memiliki profil penularan dan kematian yang serupa, sementara varian Omicron menyebabkan kematian yang lebih rendah meskipun penularannya meningkat.  \nGraphical Abstract  \nKeyword  \ncovid-19; decision trees; machine learning; mortality; surveillance  \n\n| Artikel History\u003Cbr>Submited In Reviewed Accepted Published | : 11 July 2024\u003Cbr>: 07 August 2024\u003Cbr>: 28 August 2024\u003Cbr>: 30 August 2024 |\n| --- | --- |\n\nCorrespondence  \nAddress : 638 Mendiola Street, San Miguel, Manila 1000, Philippines  \n[Email : jrmjrmd-1@yahoo.com](Email : jrmjrmd-1@yahoo.com)  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe Philippines has been considered a hotspot for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Western Pacific region (Malundo et al. , 2022) . As of December 1, 2022, the country’s Department of Health (DOH) has reported a total of 4,037,547 cases, including 64,658 reported deaths (DOH, 2022) . Meanwhile, the World Health Organization (WHO) hastallied 639,572,819 confirmed cases and 6,615,258 deaths globally (WHO, 2023) . The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS","cbCaigvxSpleAqx3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigvxSpleAqx3","pdf",982761,1,12,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n## Study design and dataset\n## Infection-wave definition and outcomes\n## Model performance and key findings","[{\"question\":\"How does the study define infection waves in the Philippines COVID-19 data?\",\"answer\":\"The dataset is divided into time intervals representing ancestral (A0), Alpha/Beta (AB), Delta (D), and Omicron (O) infection waves.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the overall recovery and death proportions in the final dataset?\",\"answer\":\"Across 3,896,206 cases, 98.39% recovered and 1.61% died.\"},{\"question\":\"Which infection wave showed the highest and lowest case fatality ratios (CFR)?\",\"answer\":\"The highest CFR was observed during the ancestral wave (2.49), and the lowest CFR occurred during the Omicron wave (0.61%).\"}]","COVID-19 Infection Wave Mortality from Surveillance Data in The Philippines Using Machine Learning | PDF",1785819370,30,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"covid-19-infection-wave-mortality-from-surveillance-data-in-the-philippines-using-machine-learning","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/covid-19-infection-wave-mortality-from-surveillance-data-in-the-philippines-using-machine-learning/123943/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-04",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"How does the study define infection waves in the Philippines COVID-19 data?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The dataset is divided into time intervals representing ancestral (A0), Alpha/Beta (AB), Delta (D), and Omicron (O) infection waves.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What were the overall recovery and death proportions in the final dataset?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Across 3,896,206 cases, 98.39% recovered and 1.61% died.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Which infection wave showed the highest and lowest case fatality ratios (CFR)?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The highest CFR was observed during the ancestral wave (2.49), and the lowest CFR occurred during the Omicron wave (0.61%).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,122,127,130,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":121},"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]