[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108521-en":3,"doc-seo-108521-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108521,8796095462418,"Noah","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780",8,"Research & Report","COUNTRY PRIVATE SECTOR DIAGNOSTIC - Creating Markets in Eswatini - Strengthening the Private Sector to Grow Export Markets and Create Jobs","Country Private Sector Diagnostic for Eswatini outlines the constraints facing investment, exports, and jobs. It explains how pre-pandemic structural weaknesses were intensified by COVID-19, political unrest, and climate shocks, affecting growth, health outcomes, unemployment, poverty, and inequality. The analysis compares investment-led and government spending-led models, highlighting falling private investment, constrained fiscal space, arrears, and limited formal job creation. It emphasizes rebuilding peace and investor confidence and rebalancing public spending.","Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nPublic  \nCOUNTRY PRIVATE SECTOR DIAGNOSTIC  \nCREATING MARKETS IN ESWATINI  \nStrengthening the Private Sector  \nto Grow Export Markets and Create Jobs  \nSeptember 2022  \nAbout IFC  \nIFC—a member of the World Bank and member of the World Bank Group—is the largest global development institution focused on the private sector in emerging markets. We work in more than 100 countries, using our capital, expertise, and influence to create markets and opportunities in developing countries. In fiscal year 2021, IFC committed a record $31.5 billion to private companies and financial institutions in developing countries, leveraging the power of the private sector to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity as economies grapple with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. For more information, [visit www.ifc.org](visit www.ifc.org).  \n© International Finance Corporation 2022. All rights reserved.  \n2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.  \nWashington, D.C. 20433 [www.ifc.org](www.ifc.org)  \nThe material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. IFC does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content included in this work, or for the conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions or errors (including, without limitation, typographical errors and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliance thereon. The findings, interpretations, views, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Finance Corporation or of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank) or the governments they represent.  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY  \nEswatini is facing multiple challenges. It was already experiencing weak economic growth before the COVID-19 pandemic, a reflection of longstanding, deeply rooted issues such as fiscal unsustainability, declining private investment, weakening productivity and competitiveness, and falling export diversification and complexity, compounded by the impact of climate shocks. These preexisting challenges have been amplified by COVID-19 since 2020 and later by political unrest since mid-2021. The economy contracted 1.9 percent in 2020, while economic recovery in 2021 were dashed by political unrest. The COVID-19 pandemic strained health systems in a country where health outcomes were already poor owing to high HIV prevalence, poor child nutrition, and poor maternal health. Eswatini faces high unemployment and poverty rates, especially in rural areas, and high inequality in access to assets, markets, opportunities, and rights, a situation in which women and youth in particular are disadvantaged. The immediate and direct economic loss (including loss of public property and business assets) from political unrest in Eswatini has been estimated at US$210 million, prompting the government to reallocate budget resources toward an E 500 million (US$35 million) reconstruction fund to assist affected businesses, despite the extremely constrained fiscal space. The indirect economic cost of the political unrest, though, will likely be higher and could cause a delay or cancellation of investment plans as investors weigh the risks of possible direct and indirect loss from future unrest. This underscores the importance of finding a long-term solution to the unrest. Consultations with the private sector suggest that all eyes are now on the national dialogue, the success of which would restore the country’s past record of peace and stability and rebuild investor confidence.  \nEswatini shifted from a private investment–led higher-growth model to a government spending–led lower-growth model after the end of apartheid in South Africa. Eswatini experienced strong invest","cbCaiv8snUPGSJat","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiv8snUPGSJat","pdf",357267,4,1,14,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n## Key challenges facing Eswatini\n## Economic model shift and its impacts\n## Labor markets, informality, and inclusion\n## Fiscal constraints and public spending needs\n## Role of national dialogue and investor confidence","[{\"question\":\"What major challenges is Eswatini facing according to the executive summary?\",\"answer\":\"Eswatini faces weak growth, fiscal unsustainability, declining private investment, productivity and competitiveness deterioration, low export diversification, unemployment and poverty, and inequality across access to assets and opportunities. COVID-19, political unrest since mid-2021, and climate shocks have amplified these issues.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the economic growth model change in Eswatini and what were the effects?\",\"answer\":\"Eswatini shifted from a private investment–led, higher-growth model to a government spending–led, lower-growth model after apartheid ended in South Africa. Investment-led growth averaged 6.7% (1980–2000) versus 3% (2000–2019), reflecting disinvestment after 1994 and difficulties financing public spending due to weaker SACU revenues.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is job creation limited despite an expanding labor force?\",\"answer\":\"Weak investment in productive sectors has prevented the job market from keeping pace with a growing, younger labor force, resulting in a large informal sector. Private-sector growth has been stagnant, with formal job creation around 1,000 per year while about 25,000 youths enter the labor market annually.\"}]","COUNTRY PRIVATE SECTOR DIAGNOSTIC - Creating Markets in Eswatini - Strengthening the Private Sector to Grow Export Markets and Create Jobs | PDF",1784472036,35,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":29},"country-private-sector-diagnostic-creating-markets-in-eswatini-strengthening-the-private-sector-to-grow-export-markets-and-create-jobs","",{"@graph":37,"@context":86},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/country-private-sector-diagnostic-creating-markets-in-eswatini-strengthening-the-private-sector-to-grow-export-markets-and-create-jobs/108521/",{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What major challenges is Eswatini facing according to the executive summary?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Eswatini faces weak growth, fiscal unsustainability, declining private investment, productivity and competitiveness deterioration, low export diversification, unemployment and poverty, and inequality across access to assets and opportunities. COVID-19, political unrest since mid-2021, and climate shocks have amplified these issues.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How did the economic growth model change in Eswatini and what were the effects?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Eswatini shifted from a private investment–led, higher-growth model to a government spending–led, lower-growth model after apartheid ended in South Africa. Investment-led growth averaged 6.7% (1980–2000) versus 3% (2000–2019), reflecting disinvestment after 1994 and difficulties financing public spending due to weaker SACU revenues.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Why is job creation limited despite an expanding labor force?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Weak investment in productive sectors has prevented the job market from keeping pace with a growing, younger labor force, resulting in a large informal sector. Private-sector growth has been stagnant, with formal job creation around 1,000 per year while about 25,000 youths enter the labor market annually.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]