[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108769-en":3,"doc-seo-108769-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108769,1099514067438,"River Wang","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542",8,"Research & Report","Country Private Sector Diagnostic - Creating Markets in Ecuador - Fostering a Dynamic and Resilient Private Sector","Country Private Sector Diagnostic: Creating Markets in Ecuador - Fostering a Dynamic and Resilient Private Sector provides an analytical assessment of Ecuador’s private sector competitiveness and constraints. It reviews macroeconomic conditions and firm dynamics, then addresses cross-cutting challenges across trade policy, investment policy, public-private partnership frameworks, labor market frictions, competition restrictions, and the financial sector including fintech and inclusion. Sector analyses cover mining, agribusiness food safety for exports, transportation and logistics for perishables, and tourism. The report closes with conclusions and recommendations.","Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nPublic  \nCOUNTRY PRIVATE SECTOR DIAGNOSTIC  \nCREATING MARKETS IN ECUADOR  \nFostering a Dynamic and Resilient Private Sector  \nSeptember 2021  \nAbout IFC  \nIFC—a member of the World Bank Group—is the largest global development institution focused on the private sector in emerging markets. We work in more than 100 countries, using our capital, expertise, and influence to create markets and opportunities in developing countries. In fiscal year 2021, IFC committed a record $31.5 billion to private companies and financial institutions in developing countries, leveraging the power of the private sector to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity as economies grapple with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. For more information, [visit www.ifc.org](visit www.ifc.org).  \n© International Finance Corporation 2021. All rights reserved.  \n2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.  \nWashington, D.C. 20433 [www.ifc.org](www.ifc.org)  \nThe material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. IFC does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content included in this work, or for the conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions or errors (including, without limitation, typographical errors and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliance thereon. The findings, interpretations, views, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Finance Corporation or of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank) or the governments they represent.  \nCover Photos: World Bank/Flickr  \nCONTENTS  \nACKNOWLEDGMENTS V  \nABBREVIATION LIST VI  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY IX 1. COUNTRY CONTEXT 1  \nA. Macroeconomic Conditions 1  \nB. Ecuador’s Private Sector: Context and Main Challenges 6  \nPrivate Sector Firm Characteristics and Dynamics 6  \nTrade Competitiveness 9  \nAttracting Foreign Direct Investment 12  \n2. CROSS-CUTTING CHALLENGES 15  \nA. Trade Policy Challenges 15  \nTrade Policy 16  \nExport Promotion 17  \nQuality and Standards Compliance 17  \nB. Investment Policy Challenges 18  \nForeign Direct Investment 18  \nBilateral Investment Treaties 19  \nForeign Currency Exit Tax (Impuesto a la Salida de Divisas) 20  \nInstitutional Organization of Promotion Activities 20  \nC. The Public-Private Partnership Framework 21  \nD. Labor Market Challenges 23  \nOpportunities to Lift Barriers to Private Sector Development 25  \nE. Competition Restrictions 26  \nF. The Financial Sector 30  \nAccess to Finance and Financial Inclusion 31  \nFintech 33  \nG. Digital Infrastructure and Services 34  \nH. Doing Business Challenges 36  \n3. SECTOR ANALYSES 41  \nWhy These Sectors? 41  \nA. Medium-and Large-Scale Mining in Ecuador 43  \nMineral Potential and Mining Investments 44  \nThe Current State of Mining in Ecuador 47  \nPolicy and Regulatory Constraints 49  \nEnforcement of the Regulatory Framework 55  \nFiscal Regime and Tax Administration 55  \nSocial and Environmental Risks 59  \nCommunity and Broader Economic Impacts 64  \nConclusions and Recommendations 66  \nB. Agribusiness Export Competitiveness: Food Safety Issues 73  \nIntroduction 73  \nPerformance of the Perishables Export Value Chains 74  \nCross-Cutting Constraints Holding Back Competitiveness 81  \nSector-Specific Constraints 82  \nRecommendations for Perishable Export-Oriented Value Chains 85  \nC. Transportation and Logistics for Perishable Agricultural Exports 91  \nIntroduction 91  \nLand Transportation 93  \nMaritime Transportation 100  \nAir Transportation 107  \nWarehousing, Logistics Platforms, and Third-Party Logistics Providers 109  \nD. Tourism 114  \nIntroduction 114  \nEcuador’s Tourism Profile 116  \nComparative Competitiveness 125  \nEcuador’s Marketi","cbCaiaVEcPNTEHvG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaVEcPNTEHvG","pdf",9413462,5,1,196,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n## Country Context\n## Cross-cutting Challenges\n## Sector Analyses\n## References\n## Appendixes","[{\"question\":\"What is the report’s overall purpose for Ecuador’s private sector?\",\"answer\":\"It evaluates Ecuador’s private sector context, constraints, and sector competitiveness to identify opportunities and recommendations for fostering a dynamic and resilient private sector.\"},{\"question\":\"Which cross-cutting policy areas are analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"The report covers trade policy and export promotion, investment policy and foreign direct investment, public-private partnership frameworks, labor market challenges, competition restrictions, and financial sector access including fintech and financial inclusion.\"},{\"question\":\"Which sectors are examined in detail?\",\"answer\":\"The document provides sector analyses for medium- and large-scale mining, agribusiness export competitiveness with a focus on food safety, transportation and logistics for perishable agricultural exports, and tourism.\"}]","Country Private Sector Diagnostic - Creating Markets in Ecuador - Fostering a Dynamic and Resilient Private Sector | PDF",1784473843,494,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"country-private-sector-diagnostic-creating-markets-in-ecuador-fostering-a-dynamic-and-resilient-private-sector","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/country-private-sector-diagnostic-creating-markets-in-ecuador-fostering-a-dynamic-and-resilient-private-sector/108769/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-04","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"What is the report’s overall purpose for Ecuador’s private sector?","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"It evaluates Ecuador’s private sector context, constraints, and sector competitiveness to identify opportunities and recommendations for fostering a dynamic and resilient private sector.","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"Which cross-cutting policy areas are analyzed?",{"text":82,"@type":78},"The report covers trade policy and export promotion, investment policy and foreign direct investment, public-private partnership frameworks, labor market challenges, competition restrictions, and financial sector access including fintech and financial inclusion.",{"name":84,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":85},"Which sectors are examined in detail?",{"text":86,"@type":78},"The document provides sector analyses for medium- and large-scale mining, agribusiness export competitiveness with a focus on food safety, transportation and logistics for perishable agricultural exports, and tourism.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":89,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":60,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":91,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":94},[95,99,103,107,111,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":54,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]