[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108619-en":3,"doc-seo-108619-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108619,687197207639,"Asher","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","Country Private Sector Diagnostic - Creating Markets in Chad - Mobilizing Private Investment for Inclusive Growth - Executive Summary","Executive Summary focuses on Chad’s development constraints and the role of private investment in achieving inclusive growth. It describes weak governance linked to elite capture, endemic fragility, and extreme climate exposure, alongside low human development outcomes, persistent poverty challenges for women and girls, and limited electrification. The summary highlights worsening macroeconomic vulnerabilities from COVID-19, rising debt risks, arrears, and remaining instability that hinders private investment, despite oil price gains.","Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nPublic  \nCOUNTRY PRIVATE SECTOR DIAGNOSTIC  \nCREATING MARKETS IN CHAD  \nMobilizing Private Investment for Inclusive Growth  \nExecutive Summary  \nMarch 2023  \nAbout IFC  \nIFC—a member of the World Bank Group—is the largest global development institution focused on the private sector in emerging markets. We work in more than 100 countries, using our capital, expertise, and influence to create markets and opportunities in developing countries. In fiscal year 2022, IFC committed a record $32.8 billion to private companies and financial institutions in devel-oping countries, leveraging the power of the private sector to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity as economies grapple with the impacts of global compounding crises.  \nFor more information, [visit www.ifc.org](visit www.ifc.org).  \n© International Finance Corporation 2023. All rights reserved.  \n2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.  \nWashington, D.C. 20433 [www.ifc.org](www.ifc.org)  \nThe material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. IFC does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content included in this work, or for the conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions or errors (including, without limitation, typographical errors and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliance thereon. The findings, interpretations, views, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Finance Corporation or of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank) or the governments they represent.  \nCover Art: Painting of Chadian Market Scene by Abdelkerim Mahadi.  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY  \nChad, the largest landlocked country in Africa, is suffering from the confluence of three challenges: (a) weak political and economic governance as a result of elite capture, (b) endemic fragility, and (c) extreme exposure to climate change. For Chad, which ranked 187th out of 189 countries on the Human Development Index in 2020, these conditions have led to a failure to harness significant oil resources since 2000—in spite of relative internal stability—and have perpetuated the country’s status as oneof the poorest performers in human development, as it has made only limited progress on poverty reduction, particularly for women and girls. Chad also remains the least electrified country in the world. The situation has further deteriorated as a result of COVID-19, which struck as the country appeared to be on the verge of a rebound  \n—with gross domestic product (GDP) contracting by 1.6 percent in 2020 and by 1.2 percent in 2021 (respectively 4.6 percent and 4.1 per cent in per capita terms) following a 3.2 percent expansion in 2019.  \nMacroeconomic vulnerabilities have been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The latest Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) conducted jointly by the World Bank and the IMF in December 2021 shows a significant increase in debt vulnerabilities –as the debt service to revenue ratio will remain above the high-risk threshold. Chad is also in arrears to several creditors and was the first country to effectively reach a debt restructuring agreement with official and private creditors under the G20 Common Framework. This agreement provides Chad with adequate protection against downside risks while bringing the risk of debt distress to moderate. While the recent increase in oil prices has improved the country’s fiscal stance, with total public debt expected to drop to 44.9 percent of GDP in 2022 (from 52.1 percent of GDP in 2021), a lack of macroeconomic stability remains a major impediment to private investment. Chad continues to face considerable challenges, including food in","cbCaiaiMLu3K6e5g","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaiMLu3K6e5g","pdf",1000282,3,1,14,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n## Chad’s key constraints\n## Macroeconomic vulnerabilities and debt risks\n## Oil boom outcomes and remaining development gaps","[{\"question\":\"What major challenges does the executive summary identify for Chad?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights weak political and economic governance driven by elite capture, endemic fragility, and extreme exposure to climate change, which together contribute to poor human development outcomes and limited poverty reduction.\"},{\"question\":\"How did COVID-19 affect Chad’s macroeconomic situation?\",\"answer\":\"The summary states that COVID-19 further exacerbated macroeconomic vulnerabilities, with GDP contracting in 2020 and 2021 and debt vulnerabilities increasing, while the country remained in arrears to several creditors.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did the oil boom not accelerate development in Chad?\",\"answer\":\"Despite higher foreign investment and gains in GDP per capita, the executive summary notes that oil production intensified governance fragmentation, regional imbalances, insecurity, weak rule of law, and intercommunal tensions—undermining broad-based development.\"}]",1784472748,35,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"country-private-sector-diagnostic-creating-markets-in-chad-mobilizing-private-investment-for-inclusive-growth-executive-summary","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/country-private-sector-diagnostic-creating-markets-in-chad-mobilizing-private-investment-for-inclusive-growth-executive-summary/108619/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-30","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What major challenges does the executive summary identify for Chad?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"It highlights weak political and economic governance driven by elite capture, endemic fragility, and extreme exposure to climate change, which together contribute to poor human development outcomes and limited poverty reduction.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How did COVID-19 affect Chad’s macroeconomic situation?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The summary states that COVID-19 further exacerbated macroeconomic vulnerabilities, with GDP contracting in 2020 and 2021 and debt vulnerabilities increasing, while the country remained in arrears to several creditors.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Why did the oil boom not accelerate development in Chad?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Despite higher foreign investment and gains in GDP per capita, the executive summary notes that oil production intensified governance fragmentation, regional imbalances, insecurity, weak rule 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