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[http://www.building.co.uk/data/cost-data/cost-model/cost-model-reside..](http://www.building.co.uk/data/cost-data/cost-model/cost-model-reside..) .  \nTuesday06 June 2017  \n6 June 2017 | By Alex Hyams, Steve Watts, Catherine Harvatt  \np>A familiar building material now has many innovative and scientifically developed forms, of which cross-laminated timber is perhaps the most compelling. Alex Hyams, Steve Watts and Catherine Harvatt of Alinea detail the costs of building with CLT  \nSource: Daniel Shearing  \n01 / Introduction  \nTimber has been used in construction for thousands of years, and timber framing is one of the oldest known methods of building. In Britain, archaeologists uncovered traces of timber-framed homes from more than 10,000 years ago and, comparatively recently, the building method saw a surge in popularity in Roman times and the Georgian period,  \nencouraged by the sturdy, resilient qualities of the material and relative ease of construction.  \nGlued laminated timber, known as glulam, has also been used in construction since the mid-1800s, but the latest  \ninnovation in timber construction began in the 1990s with the creation of cross-laminated timber (CLT) .  \nCLT is a multi-layered solid timber panel product used for the wall, floor and roof elements of a building’s  \nsuperstructure.  \nIn 1996, an industry / academic joint research programme was undertaken in Austria, which resulted in the  \ndevelopment of what we know as CLT today. The large format, solid engineered, cross-laminated timber panel  \nproduction was pioneered by companies such as KLH Massivholz, who in 1999 were one of the first companies to  \n1 of 12 06/06/2017, 17:26  \nCost model: Residential timber | Magazine Features | Building [http://www.building.co.uk/data/cost-data/cost-model/cost-model-reside..](http://www.building.co.uk/data/cost-data/cost-model/cost-model-reside..) .  \nopen a CLT manufacturing facility in Europe.  \nAlthough wood has been used in buildings for centuries, CLT panels offered – for the first time – a wood product to match the structural and technical requirements of more traditional building materials such as concrete. It took several years and extensive product testing for CLT to become recognised and accepted within the European market.  \n02 / Types of timber products  \nCLT  \nThis cost model uses a CLT design for a residential building as its basis, but it is not the only way of using timber as a structural solution. Below is an outline of the main options.  \nCLT – also referred to as XLam, solid timber, engineered timber or massive wood – is a manufactured multi-layered solid timber panel product used for wall, floor and roof elements of a building’s superstructure. Made from kiln-dried finger jointed spruce or fir planks, the board layers (lamella) are laid out, stacked at right angles and glued together in perpendicular layers using high-pressure bonding.  \nThe majority of CLT panels currently manufactured use polyurethane adhesive to glue the sheets together. The  \npolyurethane adhesive is a solvent and formaldehyde-free adhesive “0” emission class), which has no risk of toxic  \nemissions at any stage in the product’s lifecycle.  \nCLT panels can be manufactured in three, five, seven or more lamella, with typical thickness ranging from 80mm to 300mm, in various widths from 1.25m to 3.00m and lengths of up to 18m. In the UK it is recommended that the panels are no longer than 13.5m for transportation purposes (standard panel sizes vary depending on the CLT manufacturer) .  \nCLT panels can be supplied with three different finishes to the outer layer of the panel: non-visual, industrial visual,  \nand visual.  \nThe number of board layers and panel widths will depend on the purpose and structural requirements of the element of the building for which they are designed. CLT panels are manufactured at full size as “master panels” and then cut to the size and shape","cbCaidHE8I6BZhy5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidHE8I6BZhy5","pdf",332525,12,"English","# Introduction\n## Types of timber products\n### CLT\n### Glulam","[{\"question\":\"What is cross-laminated timber (CLT) in the cost model context?\",\"answer\":\"CLT is a multi-layered solid timber panel product used for a building’s wall, floor, and roof superstructure elements, based on a residential design cost model.\"},{\"question\":\"How are CLT panels manufactured and assembled?\",\"answer\":\"CLT panels are made from kiln-dried finger-jointed spruce or fir planks, with lamella laid out, stacked at right angles, and glued together using high-pressure bonding.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main benefits of CLT for structural applications?\",\"answer\":\"CLT offers flexibility through CNC cutting, strength via cross-lamination and grading, capability for spanning and structural roles like shear walls and beams, consistent quality via QA requirements, and stability due to kiln-dried timber and reduced movement from moisture changes.\"}]","Cost model: Residential timber - Magazine Features - Building | PDF"]