[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-detail-352886-en":59,"doc-seo-352886-105":79},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":60},{"doc_id":61,"user_id":62,"nickname":63,"user_avatar":64,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":66,"doc_content":67,"file_id":68,"file_url":69,"file_type":70,"file_size":71,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":72,"language_code":73,"site_id":74,"html_lang":73,"table_of_contents":75,"faqs":76,"seo_title":77,"seo_description":66,"update_tm":78,"read_time":31},352886,962085571259,"Putri","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Cost-effectiveness studies evaluating HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening - a systematic review","Background Cervical cancer screening programs operate across many upper middle- and high-income countries, yet substantial numbers of eligible women remain underscreened or unscreened. Human papillomavirus testing via self-sampling (HPV-SS) may improve participation. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on cost-effectiveness of implementing HPV-SS in established screening programs across UMICs and HICs. Methods were guided by PRISMA and used health-economic outcomes expressible as ICERs.","Hallsson etal. BMC Health Services Research (2026) 26:654 BMC Health Services Research  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-14409-1](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-026-14409-1)  \nSYSTEMATIC REVIEW Open Access  \nCost-effectiveness studies evaluating HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening –  \na systematic review  \nLára R. Hallsson 1*, Anna-Maria Hoflacher 1, Jan Stratil1, Milena Muehler1, Lennart Koch1, Ellen John1, Peter Hillemanns2, Matthias Jentschke2,3, Uwe Siebert1,4 and Gaby Sroczynski1  \nAbstract  \nBackground Cervical cancer screening programs are established in most upper middle-and high-income countries (UMICs and HICs), yet many eligible women remain underscreened or unscreened. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing by self-sampling (HPV-SS) has the potential to increase participation rates. In this study, we aim to systematically assess and synthesize the current evidence on cost-effectiveness of implementing HPV-SS in established cervical cancer screening programs in UMICs and HICs.  \nMethods We searched relevant databases (until 02/2024) for studies on the cost-effectiveness of HPV-SS in cervical cancer screening in UMICs and HICs. Following PRISMA guidelines, we included empirical and decision-analytic modelling studies published in English or German reporting health-economic outcomes that can be expressed as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) . We extracted key study characteristics (e. g. target population, study type) and outcomes (e. g. ICER) and summarized them in systematic evidence tables. Costs were converted to 2024 Euro for cross-country comparison.  \nResults Of 612 studies, 25 studies met inclusion criteria: 16 model-based cost-effectiveness evaluations and nine economic evaluations along trials. Studies were mainly conducted in HICs. HPV-SS was compared with standard care (e. g. clinician-collected conventional cytology, Pap smear, HPV-testing) or no screening. Eight studies assessed HPV-SS for all screening-eligible women, while 17 studies focused on women not attending regular screening. ICERs were reported in stepwise incremental fashion (i. e. comparing non-dominated strategy to the next non-dominated strategy) in 13 studies, and reported comparing each strategy to a reference each in ten studies. Overall HPV-SS was reported to be cost-effective or cost-saving compared to no screening or standard of care in all but one study. In non-attendees, ICERs ranged from being cost-saving for primary HPV screening with offering HPV-SS vs. not offering HPV-SS (Netherlands) to 60,000 Euro/LYG for a combined strategy (Pap smear until age 35 followed by 5-yearly HPV-SS until age 60) vs. no screening (Sweden) . HPV-SS was shown to increase screening participation in studies evaluating screening attendance.  \n*Correspondence:  \nLára R. Hallsson [lara.hallsson@umit-tirol.at](lara.hallsson@umit-tirol.at)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2026. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creati](http://creati)[vecommons.org/lic","cbCaiqLEZ2pD7vmJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqLEZ2pD7vmJ","pdf",1647268,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the systematic review?\",\"answer\":\"To systematically assess and synthesize current evidence on the cost-effectiveness of implementing HPV self-sampling (HPV-SS) in established cervical cancer screening programs in upper middle- and high-income countries.\"},{\"question\":\"How were studies selected and what outcomes were extracted?\",\"answer\":\"Relevant databases were searched up to February 2024, and PRISMA guided inclusion. The review extracted key study characteristics and health-economic outcomes that could be expressed as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), summarizing findings in systematic evidence tables.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the review find about cost-effectiveness of HPV self-sampling?\",\"answer\":\"Overall, HPV-SS was reported to be cost-effective or cost-saving compared with no screening or standard of care in all but one study. Among non-attendees, ICER ranges included cost-saving outcomes and higher cost-effectiveness estimates depending on the strategy and country.\"}]","Cost-effectiveness studies evaluating HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening - a systematic review | PDF",1790101867,{"code":4,"msg":80,"data":81},"ok",{"site_id":74,"language":73,"slug":82,"title":65,"keywords":83,"description":66,"schema_data":84,"social_meta":138,"head_meta":140,"extra_data":142,"updated_unix":143},"cost-effectiveness-studies-evaluating-hpv-self-sampling-for-cervical-cancer-screening-a-systematic-review","",{"@graph":85,"@context":137},[86,100,120],{"@type":87,"itemListElement":88},"BreadcrumbList",[89,93,95,98],{"item":90,"name":91,"@type":92,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":94,"name":9,"@type":92,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":96,"name":40,"@type":92,"position":97},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":99,"name":65,"@type":92,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cost-effectiveness-studies-evaluating-hpv-self-sampling-for-cervical-cancer-screening-a-systematic-review/352886/",{"url":99,"name":65,"@type":101,"image":102,"author":107,"headline":65,"publisher":109,"fileFormat":112,"inLanguage":73,"description":66,"dateModified":113,"datePublished":114,"encodingFormat":112,"isAccessibleForFree":115,"interactionStatistic":116},"DigitalDocument",{"url":103,"@type":104,"width":105,"height":106},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cost-effectiveness-studies-evaluating-hpv-self-sampling-for-cervical-cancer-screening-a-systematic-review/352886.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":63,"@type":108},"Person",{"url":90,"name":110,"@type":111},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-27","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":117,"interactionType":118,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":119},"ViewAction",{"@type":121,"mainEntity":122},"FAQPage",[123,129,133],{"name":124,"@type":125,"acceptedAnswer":126},"What was the main objective of the systematic review?","Question",{"text":127,"@type":128},"To systematically assess and synthesize current evidence on the cost-effectiveness of implementing HPV self-sampling (HPV-SS) in established cervical cancer screening programs in upper middle- and high-income countries.","Answer",{"name":130,"@type":125,"acceptedAnswer":131},"How were studies selected and what outcomes were extracted?",{"text":132,"@type":128},"Relevant databases were searched up to February 2024, and PRISMA guided inclusion. The review extracted key study characteristics and health-economic outcomes that could be expressed as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), summarizing findings in systematic evidence tables.",{"name":134,"@type":125,"acceptedAnswer":135},"What did the review find about cost-effectiveness of HPV self-sampling?",{"text":136,"@type":128},"Overall, HPV-SS was reported to be cost-effective or cost-saving compared with no screening or standard of care in all but one study. Among non-attendees, ICER ranges included cost-saving outcomes and higher cost-effectiveness estimates depending on the strategy and country.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":99,"og:type":139,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":110,"og:description":66},"article",{"robots":141,"canonical":99},"index,follow",{"doc_id":61,"site_id":74},1790470457]