[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-456516-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-456516-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","cortical-emotional-reactivity-caregiver-reported-emotional-control-and-stuttering-frequency-in-young-children","Cortical emotional reactivity, caregiver-reported emotional control, and stuttering frequency in young children","","Study objectives examined whether cortical correlates of emotional reactivity and caregiver-reported emotional control relate to stuttered speech in young children who stutter (CWS) versus young children who do not stutter (CWNS). Twenty CWS and 24 CWNS passively viewed neutral and affective images while ERPs were recorded; fluency was measured in a free-play conversational sample, and caregivers completed BRIEF. Results link greater reactivity to unpleasant pictures with higher stuttering frequency and associate poorer emotional control with increased frequency, including within-group patterns for CWS.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/cortical-emotional-reactivity-caregiver-reported-emotional-control-and-stuttering-frequency-in-young-children/456516/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/cortical-emotional-reactivity-caregiver-reported-emotional-control-and-stuttering-frequency-in-young-children/456516.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"jayni","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the study’s main purpose?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To determine whether cortical associates of emotional reactivity and caregiver-reported emotional control skills are associated with stuttering frequency in young children who stutter versus those who do not.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were cortical responses and stuttering assessed?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Participants passively viewed neutral and affective pictures while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded, and speech fluency was assessed during a free-play conversational speech sample. Caregivers completed the BRIEF.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What did the results show about emotional reactivity and emotional control?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Greater cortical reactivity to unpleasant pictures was associated with higher stuttering frequency in both groups. Caregivers of CWS rated emotional control as poorer than caregivers of CWNS, and within CWS, poorer emotional control related to higher stuttering frequency and greater unpleasant-picture cortical reactivity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},456516,1791370315,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":55,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":112,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},3985747859343,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript  \n\n| | HHS Public Access\u003Cbr>Author manuscript\u003Cbr>J Fluency Disord. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2026 January 08. |\n| --- | --- |\n\nPublished in final edited form as:  \nJ Fluency Disord. 2025 September ; 85: 106139. doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2025.106139 .  \nCortical emotional reactivity, caregiver-reported emotional control, and stuttering frequency in young children  \nHatun Zengin-Bolatkalea,* , Alexandra P. Keyb, Robin M. Jonesc  \naSchool of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, 5245 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1518, USA  \nb Department of Pediatrics, Marcus Autism Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1920 Briarcliff Rd, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA  \nc Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 8310 MCE South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232-8242, USA  \nAbstract  \nPurpose: The present study aimed to determine whether cortical associates of emotional reactivity and caregiver-reported emotional control skills are associated with stuttered speech in young children who do (CWS) and do not stutter (CWNS) .  \nMethod: Twenty young CWS and 24 young CWNS passively viewed neutral and affective pictures while their event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Children’s speech fluency was assessed during a free-play conversational speech sample before the ERP task. Participants’caregivers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) .  \nResults: For CWS and CWNS, greater cortical reactivity to unpleasant pictures was associated with higher stuttering frequency. Parents ofCWS rated their children poorer on the Emotional Control dimension of the BRIEF than parents of CWNS. However, the between-group difference on Emotional Control was no longer significant when group differences in expressive language scores were taken into account. Within-group analyses revealed that poorer Emotional Control scores were associated with higher stuttering frequency for CWS. Lastly, for CWS, poorer Emotional Control scores on BRIEF were associated with greater cortical reactivity to unpleasant pictures.  \nThis is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)).  \n*[Corresponding author. hzengin@sdsu.edu](Corresponding author. hzengin@sdsu.edu) (H. Zengin-Bolatkale) .  \nCRediT authorship contribution statement  \nAlexandra P. Key: Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Software, Methodology. Jones Robin: Writing – review & editing, Funding acquisition. Hatun Zengin-Bolatkale: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Visualization, Project administration, Methodology, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization.  \nDeclaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process  \nDuring the preparation of this work, the authors used Grammarly and Microsoft Copilot, the university-licensed version to enhance the manuscript’s clarity and overall readability. After utilizing this tool/service, the authors thoroughly reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the final content of the publication.  \nDeclaration of Competing Interest  \nThe authors Hatun Zengin-Bolatkale, Alexandra P. Key, and Robin M. Jones have no conflicts of interest to disclose. The financial support the authors received during the completion of this study is detailed in the attached JFD Disclosure Form.  \nAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript  \nZengin-Bolatkale et al. Page 2  \nConclusions: Overall, findings replicate those of previous studies that reported a significant association between stuttering and emotion-related behavioral and physiological measures.  \nFurther, this study extends past work and provides the first evidence that cortical measures o","cbCailXaM8FpXqRH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailXaM8FpXqRH","pdf",727803,"English","# Abstract\n# Purpose\n# Method\n## Participants and tasks\n## Measures\n# Results\n# Conclusions\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n## Emotion, temperament, and developmental stuttering","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s main purpose?\",\"answer\":\"To determine whether cortical associates of emotional reactivity and caregiver-reported emotional control skills are associated with stuttering frequency in young children who stutter versus those who do not.\"},{\"question\":\"How were cortical responses and stuttering assessed?\",\"answer\":\"Participants passively viewed neutral and affective pictures while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded, and speech fluency was assessed during a free-play conversational speech sample. Caregivers completed the BRIEF.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results show about emotional reactivity and emotional control?\",\"answer\":\"Greater cortical reactivity to unpleasant pictures was associated with higher stuttering frequency in both groups. Caregivers of CWS rated emotional control as poorer than caregivers of CWNS, and within CWS, poorer emotional control related to higher stuttering frequency and greater unpleasant-picture cortical reactivity.\"}]","Cortical emotional reactivity, caregiver-reported emotional control, and stuttering frequency in young children | PDF",1790746285,76]