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Findings show significant associations across all measures, while item-level agreement between parental judgments and children’s performance is poor.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/convergent-validity-of-the-cross-linguistic-lexical-task-research-report/268752/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/convergent-validity-of-the-cross-linguistic-lexical-task-research-report/268752.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Lucas Vance","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-17","2026-09-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the main aim of the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To assess the validity of the Cross-linguistic Lexical Task against direct and indirect measures of lexical skills in children aged 2–6, and to examine both total-score relationships and item-level agreement.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was item-level agreement evaluated?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Agreement at the item level was determined between items included in the CLT-SK and the parental checklist (CDI).",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What do the results suggest about using CLT-SK?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"CLT-SK is supported as a valid instrument when total scores are evaluated, but poor agreement at the level of individual items may affect clinical or research interpretations based on specific items.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},268752,1789436376,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":80,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},549768064622,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","City Research Online  \nCity St George’s, University of London  \nCitation: Kapalková, S. , Polišenská, K. , Mentel, A. , Horská, T. , Janíková, M. & Zubáková, M. (2025) . Convergent Validity of the Cross‐Linguistic Lexical Task. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 60(5),  \ne70110 . doi: 10. 1111/1460-6984 .70110 This is the published version of the paper.  \nThis version of the publication may differ from the final published version. To cite this item please consult the publisher's version.  \nPermanent repository link: [https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/35676/](https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/35676/)  \nLink to published version: [https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.70110](https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.70110)  \n[Copyright and Reuse:](Copyright and Reuse: Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author)[ Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author](Copyright and Reuse: Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author)([s](s)) and/or copyright holders. Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, unless otherwise indicated, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. For full details of reuse please refer to City Research Online policy.  \nCity Research Online:  [http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/](http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/  publications@citystgeorges.ac.uk)[ ](http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/  publications@citystgeorges.ac.uk)[ publications@citystgeorges.ac.uk](http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/  publications@citystgeorges.ac.uk)  \nInternational Journal of Language & Communication Disorders  \nRESEARCH REPORT   \nConvergent Validity of the Cross-Linguistic Lexical Task  \nSvetlana Kapalková1   Kamila Polišenská2, 3   Andrej Mentel4, 5   Tereza Horská1  Monika Janíková1  Martina Zubáková1  \n1 Faculty of Education, Department of Communication Disorders, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia  2 Language and Communication Science, City St George’s, University of London, London, UK  3 Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK  4 Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Institute of Social Anthropology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava,  \nSlovakia  5 Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Arts; Department of Sociology, Andragogy and Cultural Anthropology, Olomouc, Czech Republic Correspondence: Kamila Polišenská ([kamila.polisenska@city.ac.uk](kamila.polisenska@city.ac.uk))  \nReceived: 3 January 2025  Revised: 10 July 2025  Accepted: 27 July 2025  \nFunding: This work was supported by Grant APVV-20-0126 from the Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV) .  \nKeywords: convergent validity | cross-linguistic lexical task | lexical assessment  \nABSTRACT  \nBackground and Aims: The aim of the current study is to assess the validity of the Cross-linguistic lexical task (CLT) against direct and indirect measures of lexical skills across 2–6 years of age, for a crucial period of lexical development. In addition to evaluating relationships between measures at the level of total score, we also explored agreement at an item level between two lexical measures.  \nMethod: Participants were 109 Slovak-speaking 2–6-year-old typically developing children who all completed the Cross-linguistic lexical task (CLT-SK) . Three additional measures of lexical skills were obtained: A parental checklist (Slovak adaptation of CDI; n = 30, aged 30–36 months), a narrative task to estimate production of Internal State Terms (n = 79, aged 41–81 months) and anon-word repetition task (n = 105, aged 30–81) . The agreement at the item level was determined between items that were included in both the CLT-SK and CDI.  \nResults: Correlational analyses showed that the CLT-SK was significantly related to all","cbCairOIUZsALFcF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairOIUZsALFcF","pdf",520533,13,"English","# ABSTRACT\n## Background and Aims\n## Method\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS","[{\"question\":\"What was the main aim of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To assess the validity of the Cross-linguistic Lexical Task against direct and indirect measures of lexical skills in children aged 2–6, and to examine both total-score relationships and item-level agreement.\"},{\"question\":\"How was item-level agreement evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"Agreement at the item level was determined between items included in the CLT-SK and the parental checklist (CDI).\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results suggest about using CLT-SK?\",\"answer\":\"CLT-SK is supported as a valid instrument when total scores are evaluated, but poor agreement at the level of individual items may affect clinical or research interpretations based on specific items.\"}]","Convergent Validity of the Cross-Linguistic Lexical Task - Research report | PDF",33]