[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-112821-en":3,"doc-seo-112821-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},112821,962075114765,"Quinn","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","Convergence - Five Critical Steps toward Integrating Lagging and Leading Areas in the Middle East and North Africa","Convergence provides an overview of the World Bank’s work on integrating lagging and leading areas across the Middle East and North Africa. It explains why many place-based interventions fail and how countries can pursue convergence through improved national policies and institutions. The overview highlights symptoms of institutional constraints on growth, including fragmented cities and walled-off systems, and outlines five transitional steps to reduce institutional inefficiency, accelerate economic development, and support convergent regional growth. It also addresses prospects for regional integration and cites supporting notes and references.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disc losure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nO V E R V I E W  \nPub lic Disc losure Authorized  \nCONVERGENCE  \nFive Critical Steps toward Integrating Lagging and Leading Areas in the Middle East and North Africa  \nOverview  \nConvergence  \nFive Critical Steps toward Integrating Lagging and Leading Areas in the Middle East and North Africa  \nThis booklet contains the overview, as well as a list of contents, from Convergence: Five Critical Steps toward Integrating Lagging and Leading Areas in the Middle East and North Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1450-1. A PDF of the final book, once published, will be  \navailable at [https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/ and](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/ and) [http://documents.worldbank.org/](http://documents.worldbank.org/), and print [copies can be ordered at www.amazon.com. Please use the final version of the book for citation](copies can be ordered at www.amazon.com. Please use the final version of the book for citation), reproduction, and adaptation purposes.  \n© 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433  \nTelephone: 202-473-1000; [Internet: www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org)[ ](Internet: www.worldbank.org)Some rights reserved  \nThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nNothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.  \nRights and Permissions  \nThis work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) [http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under) the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions:  \nAttribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2020.“Convergence: Five Critical Steps toward Integrating Lagging and Leading Areas in the Middle East and North Africa.” Overview. World Bank, Washington, DC. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO  \nTranslations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.  \nAdaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank.  \nThird-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-partyowned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish tore-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and t","cbCaivSXuHEDJUrU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivSXuHEDJUrU","pdf",2407867,1,59,"English","en",105,"# Overview\n## Why do so many place-based interventions fail?\n## How can the region’s countries approach convergence?\n## Fragmented cities, stuck people, walled-off countries: The symptoms of institutional constraints on growth\n## Place-based and centralized: How national policies and institutions in the Middle East and North Africa perpetuate economic inefficiency and spatial inequity\n## Five transitional steps to reduce institutional inefficiency, speed the Middle East and North Africa’s economic development, and enable convergent growth\n## The prospects for regional integration: Distant yet vital to the Middle East and North Africa\n## Notes\n## References","[{\"question\":\"Why do many place-based interventions fail in the Middle East and North Africa?\",\"answer\":\"The overview attributes failure to institutional constraints that limit effective growth, reflected in fragmented cities and walled-off systems.\"},{\"question\":\"How can countries in the region approach convergence?\",\"answer\":\"Countries can pursue convergence by aligning national policies and institutions so they do not perpetuate economic inefficiency and spatial inequity.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the five transitional steps intended to achieve?\",\"answer\":\"The document outlines five transitional steps to reduce institutional inefficiency, speed up economic development, and enable convergent 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