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Induced by membrane-bound lipid II cycle inhibitors, cold shock, and during exponential to stationary transition, the operon has been linked to antibiotic stress adaptation. Using diverse ytr mutant strains and susceptibility testing setups, the study finds no consistent role in antibiotic survival, while ABC transporter expression stimulates cell wall synthesis and turnover via the lipid II cycle.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/contribution-of-the-bacillus-subtilis-ytrgabcdef-operon-to-antibiotic-stress-adaptation/446797/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/contribution-of-the-bacillus-subtilis-ytrgabcdef-operon-to-antibiotic-stress-adaptation/446797.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aldword","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-04","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the ytrGABCDEF operon encode in Bacillus subtilis?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It encodes a putative ABC transporter, the transcriptional repressor YtrA, and YtrG, a small transmembrane protein of unknown function.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Under what conditions is the ytrGABCDEF operon induced?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It is induced by inhibitors of the membrane-bound lipid II cycle, cold shock, and during the transition from exponential to stationary phase.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Does the operon have a consistent role in antibiotic survival?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"No. The study could not confirm a consistent role of the operon in antibiotic survival across different ytr mutant strains and susceptibility testing setups.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},446797,1791099367,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},2336478940917,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","| Antimicrobial Chemotherapy | Research Article  \nContribution of the Bacillus subtilis ytrGABCDEF operon to antibiotic stress adaptation  \nLuna Baruah,1,2 Margareth Sidarta,1,2 Pauline Hammer úr Skúoy,1 Olivia Johnsson,1 Emma Frisk,1 Paula Didelot,1 Aysha Arshad,1 Michaela Wenzel1,2  \nAUTHOR AFFILIATIONS See affiliation list on p. 16.  \nABSTRACT The Bacillus subtilis ytrGABCDEF operon encodes a putative ABC transporter, its transcriptional repressor YtrA, and YtrG, a small transmembrane protein of unknown function. The operon is induced by inhibitors of the membrane-bound lipid II cycle, cold shock, and during the exponential to stationary phase transition and has been implicated in antibiotic stress adaptation, cell wall synthesis, sporulation, biofilm formation, and competence. Here, we assessed its contribution to antibiotic stress adaptation using abroad range of ytr mutant strains and different susceptibility testing setups. We could not confirm a consistent role of the operon in antibiotic survival. However, we observed a stimulating effect of ABC transporter expression on cell wall synthesis and turnover and could pinpoint this to the membrane-bound lipid II cycle. We conclude that theytrGABCDEF operon is induced by antibiotics that target lipid-linked cell wall precursors, not because it constitutes a dedicated antibiotic stress response but rather because these stress conditions mimic its natural trigger. We speculate that this could be related to the accumulation of intracellular cell wall precursor compounds, a signature effect of antibiotics that bind to lipid-linked cell wall precursors such as lipid II or bactoprenol phosphate.  \nIMPORTANCE The Bacillus subtilis ytrGABCDEF operon is a reliable and specific marker for the inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis by antibiotics. It has therefore advanced asa common reporter in transcriptomic, proteomic, and reporter gene studies aimed at elucidating antibiotic mechanisms of action. Despite this established role, its function is poorly understood, and its contribution to survival under antibiotic exposure is debated. Here, we provide evidence that the function of the operon is not related to antibiotic stress but rather that its induction is a by-product of antibiotic-induced changes in cell wall metabolism.  \nKEYWORDS antibiotic stress response, Bacillus subtilis, ABC transporters, cell wall biosynthesis  \nB acillus subtilis is a well-characterized Gram-positive model organism, most promi  \nnently used for studying bacterial cell division, cell wall synthesis, and sporulation (1–4) . Its evolutionary closeness to important Gram-positive pathogens, such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, has made it a popular non-pathogenic model for studying antibiotic mechanisms and stress responses (5–7). Thus, a B. subtilis proteomic profiling library, comprising stress response profiles to around 100 different compounds with antimicrobial properties, constitutes the broadest systematic collection of proteomic stress responses to antibiotics and other antimicrobials (8) . These profiles allow the identification of highly specific marker proteins that are indicative of a specific antibacterial mechanism or target and are thus a powerful tool in mode of action analysis (7) . Some marker proteins are rather  \nEditor Valerie Jean Carabetta, Rowan University Cooper Medical School, Camden, New Jersey, USA  \nAddress correspondence to Michaela Wenzel, [wenzelm@chalmers.se](wenzelm@chalmers.se).  \nLuna Baruah and Margareth Sidarta contributed equally to this article. Author order was determined alphabetically.  \nauthors declare conflict of interest  \nwell-characterized, and their functions in antibiotic stress adaptation are clear, for example, upregulation of fatty acid synthases in response to treatment with the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor platensimycin (9) . However, some proteins are reliable markers for a specific mechanism; ho","cbCaibPMkbhTkN7q","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibPMkbhTkN7q","pdf",5011600,"English","# Abstract\n# Importance\n# Background: ytrGABCDEF operon and antibiotic markers\n# Induction and regulation under cell wall inhibition","[{\"question\":\"What does the ytrGABCDEF operon encode in Bacillus subtilis?\",\"answer\":\"It encodes a putative ABC transporter, the transcriptional repressor YtrA, and YtrG, a small transmembrane protein of unknown function.\"},{\"question\":\"Under what conditions is the ytrGABCDEF operon induced?\",\"answer\":\"It is induced by inhibitors of the membrane-bound lipid II cycle, cold shock, and during the transition from exponential to stationary phase.\"},{\"question\":\"Does the operon have a consistent role in antibiotic survival?\",\"answer\":\"No. The study could not confirm a consistent role of the operon in antibiotic survival across different ytr mutant strains and susceptibility testing setups.\"}]","Contribution of the Bacillus subtilis ytrGABCDEF operon to antibiotic stress adaptation | PDF",1790717252,48]